A Chronic Implant to Record Electroretinogram, Visual Evoked Potentials and Oscillatory Potentials in Awake, Freely Moving Rats for Pharmacological Studies

Gracia-Rubio, Irene; Loizzo, Stefano; Lopez, Luisa; Fadda, Antonello; Loizzo, Alberto

doi:10.1155/np.2004.241

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Methods were previously described , Guarino et al 2004. At 90-100 days of age, after general anesthesia with a mixture of xylazine-ketamine (20-32 mg/kg i.p.)…”

Section: Veps and Rapid Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OPs consist of short (20-40 ms) bursts of high-frequency rhythmic oscillations, which are evoked in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and cortical areas by light stimuli in man and animals. OPs are physiologically inserted and embedded inside evoked waveforms such as VEP and can be evidenced through EEG filtering and averaging , Guarino et al 2004. Here, OPs were gathered following raw EEG digital (finite impulse response (FIR)) 64-128 Hz band-pass filtering.…”

Section: Veps and Rapid Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Loizzo

Spampinato

Campana

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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The double postnatal stress model (brief maternal separation plus sham injection daily applied from birth to weaning) induces metabolic alterations similar to type 2 diabetes in young-adult male mice. We verify whether 1) the stress also induces brain metabolic-functional alterations connected to diabetes and 2) different alterations are modulated selectively by two stress-damaged endogenous systems (opioid-and/or ACTH-corticosteroid-linked). Here, diabetes-like metabolic plus neurophysiologicneurometabolic parameters are studied in adult mice following postnatal stress and drug treatment. Surprisingly, together with 'classic' diabetes-like alterations, the stress model induces in young-adult mice significantly enhanced brain neurometabolic-neurophysiologic performances, consisting of decreased latency to flash-visual evoked potentials (Kw8%); increased level (Cw40%) and reduced latency (Kw30%) of NAD(P)H autofluorescence postsynaptic signals following electric stimuli; enhanced passive avoidance learning (Cw135% latency); and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor level (Cw70%). Postnatal treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone prevents some alterations, moreover the treatment with antisense (AS; AS vs proopiomelanocortin mRNA) draws all parameters to control levels, thus showing that some alterations are bound to endogenous opioid-system hyper-functioning, while others depend on ACTHcorticosterone system hyper-functioning. Our stress model induces diabetes-like metabolic alterations coupled to enhanced brain neurometabolic-neurophysiologic performances. Taken all together, these findings are compatible with an 'enduring acute-stress' reaction, which puts mice in favorable survival situations vs controls. However, prolonged hormonal-metabolic imbalances are expected to also produce diabetes-like complications at later ages in stressed mice.

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“…Methods were previously described , Guarino et al 2004. At 90-100 days of age, after general anesthesia with a mixture of xylazine-ketamine (20-32 mg/kg i.p.)…”

Section: Veps and Rapid Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Veps and Rapid Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Loizzo

Spampinato

Campana

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

Self Cite

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“…In rats, this setup requires anesthesia and alterations of VEP due to narcotics are well documented [13,14]. In freely moving rats, the Ganzfeld approach stimulates the entire visual field and has the advantage of being independent of refraction and attention of the animal [15]. So far, stimulation in freely moving rats is generally performed with flashes to determine whether there is any cortical reaction to illumination of the retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of narcotics on luminance and frequency modulated visual evoked potentials in rats

Jehle¹,

Ehlken²,

Wingert³

et al. 2009

Doc Ophthalmol

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Quantification of visual function is essential for the impact of disease models and their treatment. Recently, we introduced a chronic implant model to record visual evoked potentials (VEP) in awake Brown-Norway rats. Here, we investigated the hemispheric distribution of VEP after monocular stimulation, the chronic electrode implantation and the influence of commonly used anesthetics. Potentials were recorded by electrodes, implanted epidurally over the superior colliculus. The entire visual field of the rat was stimulated. Flicker stimuli were modulated in luminance with a modulation depth from 5 to 80% at 7.5 Hz and flashes with a modulation depth of >95% in a frequency range of 2.9-38 Hz. Recordings were constant over 9 days. When one eye was blinded, the potentials recorded from the contralateral side were not affected, while the potentials of the ipsilateral side were markedly reduced. Further, potentials of awake animals were compared with those receiving general anesthetics. For one group of rats (n = 8), we administered isoflurane by inhalation in five concentrations. Four different groups (n = 7-11) were given choralhydrate (200 and 400 mg/kg) and the combination of ketamine/xyaline (65/7 or 130/14 mg/kg, respectively) intraperitoneally. Isoflurane depressed the VEP in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with chloralhydrate and ketamine/xyaline increased the VEP at low concentrations and depressed it in high concentrations. The new VEP paradigm assesses distinct qualities of contrast vision in rats. All tested narcotics alter VEP amplitudes and can be avoided.

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“…Neuromuscular blockers and anaesthetic agents are used in ERG experimentation to achieve an unconscious and motionless state. There have only been five reports of awake ERG recordings in rats [16][17][18][19][20] . In these studies, electrodes were surgically pre-implanted into the skull and two of these studies tested the effect of anaesthesia on the ERG 17,20 .…”

Section: Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning

Brandli

Stone

2015

JoVE

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Citation: Brandli, A., Stone, J. Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning. J. Vis. Exp. (100), e52658, doi:10.3791/52658 (2015). AbstractThe ERG is the sum of all retinal activity. The ERG is usually recorded from the cornea, which acts as an antenna that collects and sums signals from the retina. The ERG is a sensitive measure of changes in retinal function that are pan-retinal, but is less effective for detecting damage confined to a small area of retina. In the present work we describe how to record the 'flash' ERG, which is the potential generated when the retina is exposed to a brief light flash. We describe methods of anaesthesia, mydriasis and corneal management during recording; how to keep the retina dark adapted; electrode materials and placement; the range and calibration of stimulus energy; recording parameters and the extraction of data. We also describe a method of inducing ischemia in one limb, and how to use the ERG to assess the effects of this remote-from-the-retina ischemia on retinal function after light damage. A two-flash protocol is described which allows isolation of the cone-driven component of the dark-adapted ERG, and thereby the separation of the rod and cone components. Because it can be recorded with techniques that are minimally invasive, the ERG has been widely used in studies of the physiology, pharmacology and toxicology of the retina. We describe one example of this usefulness, in which the ERG is used to assess the function of the light-damaged retina, with and without a neuroprotective intervention; preconditioning by remote ischemia. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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A Chronic Implant to Record Electroretinogram, Visual Evoked Potentials and Oscillatory Potentials in Awake, Freely Moving Rats for Pharmacological Studies

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Enhanced brain performance in mice following postnatal stress

Influence of narcotics on luminance and frequency modulated visual evoked potentials in rats

Using the Electroretinogram to Assess Function in the Rodent Retina and the Protective Effects of Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning

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