“A Chain Only as Strong as Its Weakest Link”: An Up-to-Date Literature Review on the Bidirectional Interaction of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COVID-19

Criṣan-Dabija, Radu; Pavel, Cristina Alice; Popa, Iolanda Valentina; Tarus, Andrei; Burlacu, Alexandru

doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00387

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(311 reference statements)

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“…One of the most important pathological changes was mechanization of alveolar exudate and interstitial lung fibrosis [4] , [5] . Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) was closely related to tissue inflammation and damage repair, which has been characterized as a risk factor for a more severe evolution and higher mortality of COVID-19 [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] . Also, patients recovering from severe and critical COVID-19 disease are at serious risk of developing postinflammatory PF through the follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan [4] , [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been currently accepted that Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a glycoprotein secreted by type II alveolar pneumocytes and bronchiolar epithelial cells, is a biomarker of several interstitial lung diseases (ILD), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [11] , [12] , [13] . A recent study reported that there is a complexity of interactions between coexisting idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/ILD and COVID-19 disease [6] . Serum KL-6 has been suggested to be a useful biomarker for evaluating the severity of COVID-19, however, the results from another research did not demonstrate that KL-6 can discriminate different ventilatory phenotypes in COVID-19 patients [14] , [15] , [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and fibronectin with pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019

Peng

Luo

Huang

et al. 2021

Clinica Chimica Acta

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Objective Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still spreading worldwide, which may progress to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), leading to the worsen outcome. As the markers of lung injury, the correlation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and fibronectin (Fn) with pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 was still unclear. Methods 113 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 were enrolled in this retrospective study, and divided into three categories as mild, moderate and severe cases. The concentrations of serum KL-6 and Fn at hospital admission were tested using the method of latex agglutination assay and immunoturbidimetic assay, respectively. Results Compared with that in the non-severe COVID-19 cases and normal control subjects, serum KL-6 concentrations on admission were significantly higher in the severe group, which was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, and negatively correlated with lymphocytes count. Whereas, no obvious elevation in serum Fn concentration was investigated in COVID-19 patients with the different phenotypes. The severe cases displayed the higher incident rate of pulmonary fibrosis at hospital discharge. Compared with non-PF patients, the COVID-19 cases with PF have the higher serum KL-6 values. Conclusion Serum KL-6 concentration was significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients, which may be useful for evaluating the disease severity. For early prevention of the development of pulmonary fibrosis, high concentrations of serum KL-6 in the early stage of COVID-19 should be paid close attention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and fibronectin with pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019

Peng

Luo

Huang

et al. 2021

Clinica Chimica Acta

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“…Since it has been reported in the literature that equal than other coronaviruses are responsible for producing pulmonary fibrosis [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], and that this has also been recognized as a sequel to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Also, dyspnea related with COVID-19 can be associated with heart problems [ 42 , 43 ], so its origin should be investigated, and recovered patients should be followed up, since the extent of the complications is still unknown [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

Galván-Tejada

Herrera-García

Godina-González

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19.

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“…Specific terminology here can create confusion, and clarification of "post-COVID-19 PF" is needed, as it is often used interchangeably to refer to one of the following: post-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) PF [13], post-inflammatory PF [4], post-viral PF, and post-viral ILD. The etiology, prognosis and progression of post-viral PF syndromes may differ from fibrotic ILDs like IPF [14].…”

Section: Definition and Classification Of Interstitial Lung Disease (Ild)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic

Ambardar

Hightower

Huprikar

et al. 2021

JCM

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Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As effective vaccines and treatments begin to emerge, it will become increasingly important to identify and proactively manage the long-term respiratory complications of severe disease. The patterns of imaging abnormalities coupled with data from prior coronavirus outbreaks suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are likely at an increased risk of progression to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic pulmonary vascular disease. In this paper, we briefly review the definition, classification, and underlying pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We then review the current literature on the proposed mechanisms of lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection, and outline potential viral- and immune-mediated processes implicated in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Finally, we address patient-specific and iatrogenic risk factors that could lead to PCPF and discuss strategies for reducing risk of pulmonary complications/sequelae.

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“A Chain Only as Strong as Its Weakest Link”: An Up-to-Date Literature Review on the Bidirectional Interaction of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COVID-19

Cited by 33 publications

References 148 publications

Correlation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and fibronectin with pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019

Correlation of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and fibronectin with pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019

Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic

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