A Century of B Chromosomes in Plants: So What?

Jones, Robert N.; Viegas, Wanda; Houben, Andreas

doi:10.1093/aob/mcm167

Cited by 132 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These chromosomes are considered genome parasites because they usually diminish host fitness (Ö stergren 1945;Jones 1985). In spite of their deleterious effects, they manage to maintain themselves in natural populations because they frequently show higher transmission rates (i.e., drive) than A chromosomes (for review, see Camacho 2004Camacho , 2005Jones et al 2008). The existence of a drive mechanism in the germ line ensures B chromosome invasiveness in natural populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Single, Recent Origin of the Accessory B Chromosome of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

Muñoz-Pajares

Martínez-Rodríguez²,

Teruel³

et al. 2011

Genetics

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B chromosomes are dispensable chromosomes found in .2000 eukaryotic species, usually behaving as genomic parasites. Most B chromosomes seem to be made up of the same kind of DNA sequences present in the A chromosomes. This sequence similarity makes it difficult to obtain specific molecular probes that may permit B-presence diagnosis without cytogenetic analysis. We have developed a sequencecharacterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for B chromosomes in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans, which specifically amplifies a 1510-bp DNA fragment exclusively in B-carrying individuals. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and fiber FISH analyses showed that this marker is a tandemly repeated DNA sequence closely intermingled with 45S rDNA. PCR reactions showed the presence of SCAR-like sequences in the A chromosomes, but in two separate fragments, supporting the intraspecific origin of B chromosomes in this species. SCAR marker DNA sequence showed to be identical in B chromosome variants from several localities from Spain and Morocco, and it was very similar to those found in B chromosome variants from Greece and Armenia. This strongly suggests that this sequence was already present in the ancestral B chromosome of this species. In addition, the scarce sequence variation observed among several B variants from very distant populations suggests either a functional constraint or, more likely, a recent and unique origin for B chromosomes in this species.

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A Single, Recent Origin of the Accessory B Chromosome of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

Muñoz-Pajares

Martínez-Rodríguez²,

Teruel³

et al. 2011

Genetics

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“…Bs are most frequently found in low numbers (0–5), but as many as 34 have been reported in an individual of Zea mays (Jones & Rees, 1982; Jones et al ., 2008). They are usually smaller than the standard complement and vary in size from dot‐like micro‐Bs (Houben et al ., 1997, 2013; Jones et al ., 2008) to chromosomes as large as the smallest chromosomes of the regular set (Jones et al ., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their abundance, the roles of Bs remain enigmatic, although many different effects on the carrier organism have been demonstrated, including influences on A‐chromosome meiotic pairing (Jones et al ., 2008; Houben et al ., 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural polymorphisms and distinct genomic composition suggest recurrent origin and ongoing evolution of B chromosomes in the Prospero autumnale complex (Hyacinthaceae)

2015

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Summary Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are genomic parasitic components, originating from the A complement via chromosomal rearrangements, which follow their own evolutionary trajectories. They often contain repetitive DNAs, some shared with regular chromosomes and some newly evolved. Genomic composition, origin and evolution of Bs have been analysed in the chromosomally variable Prospero autumnale complex.Two rDNAs and a satellite DNA (PaB6) from regular chromosomes were mapped to Bs of 26 plants from three diploid cytotypes, their hybrids and polyploid derivatives. In homoploid diploid hybrids, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) allowed B painting with the parental DNAs.Bs were structurally variable and highly enriched in 5S rDNA and satDNA PaB6, and rarely in 35S rDNA. Eleven combinations of rDNA and PaB6 localization were observed. The quantities of PaB6 in Bs and regular chromosomes were not correlated, suggesting amplification mechanisms other than recombination. PaB6 and 5S rDNA amounts increased with increasing ploidy level. GISH revealed two independent origins of Bs.The structural variation, repeat content, repeat‐type fluctuations and differing genomic affinities of Bs in different cytotypes suggest that they represent young proto‐B chromosomes. Bs in P. autumnale probably form recurrently as by‐products of the extensive genome restructuring within this chromosomally variable species complex.

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“…Bs are now reported in more than 1500 species, which mainly include flowering plants, along with some gymnosperms, and in lower forms such as ferns, bryophytes, and fungi (Camacho et al 2000, Jones et al 2008. These occurr more frequently in some plant families, viz., Poaceae, Liliaceae, Compositae, and Ranunculaceae (Battaglia 1964).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These occurr more frequently in some plant families, viz., Poaceae, Liliaceae, Compositae, and Ranunculaceae (Battaglia 1964). Whether Bs are genetically inert or not is still widely discussed (Müntz-ing 1974, Jones 1975, Jones and Matthews 1983, Jones and Houben 2003, Jones et al 2008. Bs, when present in high numbers, negatively affect the growth and vigour of the plants, while in low numbers, may benefit the plants possessing them.…”

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confidence: 99%

Meiotic Studies and B-Chromosomes in <i>Sedum oreades</i> (Decne.) R. Hamet (Crassulaceae) from Alpine Regions of Northwest Indian Himalaya

Kumar

Singhal²,

Srivastava

2016

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Meiotic studies carried out in the individuals of Sedum oreades (Decne.) R. Hamet (Crassulaceae), which exists at diploid level (n=11) revealed the presence of 0-4B-chromosomes, non-synchronous disjunction of bivalents, chromatin bridges, and laggards as well as some pollen sterility (8%) in the collection from Manimahesh Hills (Gauri Kund, 3930 m, Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh). The present diploid chromosome count of n= 11 is the first report from India but agrees with the earlier report from Nepal Himalayas. The presence of Bchromosomes in the species is also the first record for the species. The paper here discusses in detail the course of meiosis and the effect of B-chromosomes and other meiotic abnormalities on meiotic course and pollen fertility.

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A Century of B Chromosomes in Plants: So What?

Cited by 132 publications

References 71 publications

A Single, Recent Origin of the Accessory B Chromosome of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

A Single, Recent Origin of the Accessory B Chromosome of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

Structural polymorphisms and distinct genomic composition suggest recurrent origin and ongoing evolution of B chromosomes in the Prospero autumnale complex (Hyacinthaceae)

Meiotic Studies and B-Chromosomes in <i>Sedum oreades</i> (Decne.) R. Hamet (Crassulaceae) from Alpine Regions of Northwest Indian Himalaya

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