A case of imported Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection and public health response, Greece, April 2014

Tsiodras, Sotirios; Baka, A; Mentis, Alexios‐Fotios A.; Iliopoulos, D; Dedoukou, Xanthi; Papamavrou, G; Karadima, S; Emmanouil, Mary; Kossyvakis, Athanasios; Spanakis, Nikolaos; Pavli, Androula; Maltezou, Helen C.; Karageorgou, Aikaterini; Spala, G; Pitiriga, Vassiliki; Kosmas, Epaminondas; Tsiagklis, S; Gkatzias, Spiros; Koulouris, Nikolaos; Koutsoukou, Antonia; Bakakos, Petros; Markozanhs, E; Dionellis, G; Pontikis, Kostantinos; Rovina, Nikoletta; Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini; Efstathiou, P. A.; Papadimitriou, T; Kremastinou, Jenny; Tsakris, Athanasios; Saroglou, George

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.16.20782

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nonetheless, MERS-CoV was initially regarded primarily as a zoonotic pathogen, with only limited documentation of person-to-person transmission. However, MERS outbreaks of varying proportions have since occurred across Saudi Arabia; additionally, apparent cases of sustained secondary transmission have occurred in family clusters12 13 and healthcare facilities 1415…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesAs of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.DesignData from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.ResultsA total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).ConclusionsTo date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The WHO advice on home care for patients with MERS-CoV infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts [3] is targeted to public health and infection control professionals, health managers and healthcare workers. It states that evidence of transmission from mild cases is limited and that currently there is no evidence of transmission from asymptomatic cases.…”

Section: Prevention Infection Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014

Dirkzwager

Timen

Dirksen³

et al. 2014

Eurosurveillance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Individuals typically present with respiratory symptoms, including coughing and shortness of breath, often accompanied by nonspecific signs of disease, such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, headaches, vomiting, or diarrhea. 11,28,44,53,66 Lower respiratory tract disease is most often reported; however, some individuals present with upper respiratory tract symptoms, including a sore throat or rhinorrhea. 19,52 In patients who develop pneumonia, the disease can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome that is sometimes associated with acute renal failure, multiorgan failure, and death.…”

Section: Human Mers-cov Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Animal Models of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated from a Saudi Arabian man with fatal pneumonia. Since the original case in 2012, MERS-CoV infections have been reported in >1500 humans, and the case fatality rate is currently 35%. This lineage C betacoronavirus has been reported to cause a wide range of disease severity in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to progressive fatal pneumonia that may be accompanied by renal or multiorgan failure. Although the clinical presentation of human MERS-CoV infection has been documented, many facets of this emerging disease are still unknown and could be studied with animal models. Several animal models of MERS-CoV have been developed, including New Zealand white rabbits, transduced or transgenic mice that express human dipeptidyl peptidase 4, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on human MERS-CoV infections, the probable origin of MERS-CoV, and the available animal models of MERS-CoV infection. Evaluation of the benefits and limitations of these models will aid in appropriate model selection for studying viral pathogenesis and transmission, as well as for testing vaccines and antivirals against MERS-CoV.Keywords animal models, common marmosets, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, mice, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, pathogenicity, rabbits, respiratory system, review, rhesus macaques, transgenic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first isolated from a man in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and MERS-CoV infections have now been reported in >20 countries. 76,79 Originally called human coronavirus-EMC/2012, the virus was renamed MERS-CoV by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 20,67 In humans, MERS-CoV is 1 of 6 coronaviruses that cause respiratory disease; however, it is currently the only known pathogenic human lineage C betacoronavirus. 31,68 MERS-CoV infections in humans range from asymptomatic to progressive fatal pneumonia with occasional renal or multiorgan failure. 44,52 To date, published autopsy data from fatal human cases are not available, and the exact route of viral transmission to and among humans is unknown. Additionally, there are currently no approved MERS-CoV-specific countermeasures. Thus, development of animal models to study the pathology and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV, the routes of viral transmission, and the efficacy of treatments and vaccines is critical. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on MERS-CoV infections in humans and potential animal reservoirs for the virus and provide an overview and analysis of animal models of MERS-CoV infection.

show abstract

A case of imported Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection and public health response, Greece, April 2014

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015

Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014

A Comparative Review of Animal Models of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About