A Case-Control Study on Dietary Acid Load in Relation to Glioma

Milajerdi, Alireza; Shayanfar, Mehdi; Benisi-Kohansal, Sanaz; Mohammad-Shirazi, Minoo; Sharifi, Giuve; Tabibi, Hadi; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1080/01635581.2021.1957134

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Seven studies focused on cancer risk were published between 2005 and 2021 ( Table 1 ). Among them, four were case–control studies ( 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 ), and three were cohort studies ( 19 , 22 , 23 ). Three studies were performed in Asia ( 17 , 18 , 21 ), two in North America ( 19 , 22 ), one in South America ( 20 ), and one in Europe ( 23 ), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, four were case–control studies ( 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 ), and three were cohort studies ( 19 , 22 , 23 ). Three studies were performed in Asia ( 17 , 18 , 21 ), two in North America ( 19 , 22 ), one in South America ( 20 ), and one in Europe ( 23 ), respectively. DAL had been assessed using the PRAL and NEAP methods in five studies ( 17 , 19 – 22 ), NAE in two studies ( 22 , 23 ), and Pro:K in three studies ( 17 , 20 , 22 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most included case–control studies (75%) were at high risk ( Table 4 ). For the “selection” classification, three studies ( 17 , 18 , 20 ) were not assigned full stars. For the item of “control for important factor or additional factor,” one study ( 17 ) was not awarded two stars since these studies had adjusted for less than two important confounder factors in their analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the item of “control for important factor or additional factor,” one study ( 17 ) was not awarded two stars since these studies had adjusted for less than two important confounder factors in their analysis. For the classification of “exposure,” two studies ( 18 , 20 ) were not assigned full stars because there was a significant difference in the response rate between cases and controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between dietary acid load and cancer risk and prognosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2022

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Epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary acid load (DAL) might be related to the risk and prognosis of cancer, whereas the evidence is contentious. Several high-quality observational studies have been published following a prior systematic review with only one study included. Consequently, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the relationship between DAL and cancer risk and prognosis. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to 26 October 2021. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias, subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Ten observational studies (six cohorts and four case–control studies) with 227,253 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The summary RRs revealed a statistically significant associations between DAL and cancer risk (RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.23–2.05, I2 = 71.9%, n = 7) and prognosis (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.10–2.13, I2 = 77.1%, n = 3). No evidence of publication bias was observed in the current analysis. Positive associations were observed in most subgroup analyses stratified by predefined factors, including region, study design, study quality, study population, participants’ gender, age of participants, cancer type, DAL assessment indicator, and adjustment of potential confounding parameters. No evidence of heterogeneity between subgroups was indicated by meta-regression analyses. The high DAL might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, as well as a poor prognosis of cancer. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted to further determine the associations between DAL and risk and prognosis for specific cancers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between dietary acid load and cancer risk and prognosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2022

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“…In fact, DAL has been associated with an increased risk for certain types of cancer in various epidemiological studies [ 12 , 20 – 26 ]. Positive associations of a high DAL have been reported with regard to prostate [ 20 ], breast [ 12 , 22 ], lung [ 23 ], colorectal [ 24 , 25 ], and pancreatic cancer [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying dietary acid load in U.S. cancer survivors: an exploratory study using NHANES data

Storz

Ronco

2022

BMC Nutr

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Background Diet is an important determinant of systemic pH and acid–base regulation. A frequent consumption of acid-inducing foods (including processed meats and cheese) combined with a low intake of base-inducing foods (such as fruits, legumes and vegetables) increases Dietary Acid Load (DAL), which has been associated with an increased risk for certain cancers. DAL also appears to be of paramount importance in cancer survivors, in whom it was associated with increased mortality and poor overall physical health. Literature on DAL in cancer survivors, however, is scarce and limited to a few studies. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we sought to quantify DAL in U.S. cancer survivors and contrasted the results to the general population. DAL was estimated using established formulas (Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)). Results Our study comprised 19,413 participants, of which 1444 were self-reported cancer survivors. Almost 63% of cancer survivors were female (weighted proportion) with a mean age of 61.75 (0.51) years. DAL scores were consistently higher in cancer survivors (as compared to the general population) after adjustment for confounders in multivariate regression models. These differences, however, were not statistically significant (p = 0.506 for NEAPF, 0.768 for PRALR and 0.468 for NEAPR, respectively). Notably, DAL scores were positive throughout (> 0 mEq/d) in cancer survivors, suggesting an acidifying diet. Specific examples include mean PRALR scores > 11 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 55 years and mean NEAPF scores > 50 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 40–60 years). Conclusions The acidifying diet in this sample of cancer survivors warrants caution and requires further investigation. Comparably high DAL scores have been associated with adverse health outcomes and an increased mortality in previous studies in breast cancer survivors. Thus, increased awareness as well as additional clinical trials in this field are urgently warranted.

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The association of diet-dependent acid load with colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in Korea

Tran,

Gunathilake,

Lee

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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Acid‒base disequilibrium is a contributor to cancer development because it affects molecular activities such as insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and adiponectin production. However, evidence of an association of diet-induced acid‒base imbalance with colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. We examined whether colorectal carcinogenesis is attributable to a diet with a high acid load. We recruited a total of 923 CRC cases and 1846 controls at the National Cancer Center in Korea for inclusion in a case–control study. We collected information on nutrient intake and specific clinical parameters of CRC by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and medical records, respectively. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate diet-dependent acid load. We used an unconditional logistic regression model to analyse the association. Dietary acid load scores had a positive association with the odds of CRC risk (odds ratio (OR)= 2.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79-2.99) and OR=2.14 (95% CI: 1.66-2.76) for PRAL and NEAP, respectively, P for trends<0.001). A stronger positive association was observed for females (OR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.93-4.94) than for males (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.27-2.31). Furthermore, acidogenic diets appeared to affect rectal cancer more strongly than colon cancer in females. Our study contributes to reinforcing epidemiological evidence regarding a detrimental effect of acidogenic diets on colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the balance of acidogenic (e.g., poultry and red meat) and alkalinogenic foods (e.g., fruits and vegetables) in CRC prevention, especially for females.

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A Case-Control Study on Dietary Acid Load in Relation to Glioma

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Association between dietary acid load and cancer risk and prognosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Association between dietary acid load and cancer risk and prognosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Quantifying dietary acid load in U.S. cancer survivors: an exploratory study using NHANES data

The association of diet-dependent acid load with colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in Korea

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