A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer

Abstract

Summary We interviewed 328 men diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 75 years and 328 age-matched population controls. The principal hypotheses were that risk would increase with a high intake of total or saturated fat and would decrease with a high intake of carotene (P-carotene equivalents) or lycopene. We also examined the associations of other nutrients and foods with risk. There was no evidence for an association between fat intake and risk, although the average fat intake was high and the range of fat intakes was narrow (medians of lower and upper thirds of percentage of energy from fat among controls were 34.3% and 42.9% respectively). Risk was lower in subjects with higher carotene intake: odds ratios 0.65 (95% Cl 0.45-0.94) and 0.76 (0.53-1.10) in the middle and upper thirds of carotene intake respectively (Pfor trend = 0.150). Lycopene was not associated with risk. Among 13 other nutrients examined, the odds ratios in the top third of intake were below 0.

A case–control study of selenium in nails and prostate cancer risk in British men

“…Marital status, smoking and BMI at age 25 or 45 years were not associated with risk. These associations are similar to those previously reported in the full case -control study of 656 subjects (Key et al, 1997).…”

“…The test for multiplicative interaction between selenium concentration (in quartiles) and smoking status was not statistically significant after including these terms together with the interaction term into the model (P ¼ 0.169). Additional adjustment for food items and nutrients found to be associated with prostate cancer risk in our study of a previous analysis of this study population, including garlic, beans, peas and vitamin B 6 intake (Key et al, 1997) made no appreciable difference to the risk estimates and were not included in the final model.…”

“…A population-based case -control study of the association between diet and prostate cancer was established in Britain, between 1989 and 1992, and included 328 men with incident prostate cancer and 328 population-based controls (Key et al, 1997). The study was restricted to white men under the age of 75 years who could speak English and who were well enough to complete a diet interview and give a reasonable history.…”

Lycopene and prostate cancer

“…5,84,85 One further is inconclusive statistically but tends to support that hypothesis 86 and three found no association at all. 73,87,88 However, one of the latter three negative studies 73 did describe a strong dietary association of decreased risk of prostate cancer with the consumption of tinned baked beans (RR ¼ 0.52; 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.31 -0.88) and the authors did suggest that tinned baked beans do provide a large amount of highly bioavailable lycopene.…”

Dietary fat and early-onset prostate cancer risk

“…To evaluate the representativeness of the control group's nutrient intake, comparisons of crude mean intake of controls in the present study were made with The National Diet and Nutrition Survey by Henderson et al (27) and that of controls from a UK case -control study of diet and prostate cancer by Key et al (11) . The National Diet and Nutrition Survey was chosen as the sampling methods attempted to recruit a nationally representative sample and thorough methods were used to establish diet (both interviews and 7-d weighed records).…”