A carbon efficiency approach for life-cycle carbon emission characteristics of machine tools

Energy consumption model and energy efficiency of machine tools: a comprehensive literature review

“…Avram et al (2011) evaluated the energy efficiency and environmental impact in machining process, using the analytic hierarchy process to weigh the criteria in three areas of technical, economic and environmental. Cao et al (2012) proposed a carbon efficiency evaluation method to quantify the life cycle carbon emissions of machine tools. Le Bourhis et al (2013) did the environmental impact assessment of a machine tool based on global sustainable perspective taking the materials, liquid substance, power consumption of processing into consideration.…”

Materials in machine tool structures

“…Regarding the carbon efficiency of machinery, the energy consumption due to the mining, provision and processing of the materials has to be considered [53,70,77,261] (Fig. 8).…”

Incremental forming of polymers: process parameters selection from the perspective of electric energy consumption and cost

“…Life cycle assessment (LCA) principles were used by Cao et al (2012) to quantify the carbon emissions of machine tools. The LCA took into account the manufacture, use, transportation and recycling of the tools.…”