A Carbohydrate Moiety of Secreted Stage-Specific Glycoprotein 4 Participates in Host Cell Invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes

Florentino, Pilar Tavares Veras; Real, Fernando; Orikaza, Cristina Mary; Cunha, Júlia Pinheiro Chagas da; Vitorino, Francisca Nathália de Luna; Cordero, Esteban; Sobreira, Tiago J. P.; Mortara, Renato Arruda

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00693

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The extracellular amastigotes share morphological, immunological and infective properties with the intracellular counterparts. β-Galactopyranosides were identified as determinants in Ssp4 of host–cell interactions [ 59 ], but the linkage to the protein and the structure of the oligosaccharides were not defined.…”

Section: The Glycan In Mucins Of T Cruzimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Glycan Structure of T. cruzi mucins Depends on the Host. Insights on the Chameleonic Galactose

Giorgi

Lederkremer

2020

Molecules

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoa that causes Chagas disease in humans, is transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. The parasite has developed the ability to change the structure of the surface molecules, depending on the host. Among them, the mucins are the most abundant glycoproteins. Structural studies have focused on the epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes that colonize the insect, and on the mammal trypomastigotes. The carbohydrate in the mucins fulfills crucial functions, the most important of which being the accepting of sialic acid from the host, a process catalyzed by the unique parasite trans-sialidase. The sialylation of the parasite influences the immune response on infection. The O-linked sugars have characteristics that differentiate them from human mucins. One of them is the linkage to the polypeptide chain by the hexosamine, GlcNAc, instead of GalNAc. The main monosaccharide in the mucins oligosaccharides is galactose, and this may be present in three configurations. Whereas β-d-galactopyranose (β-Galp) was found in the insect and the human stages of Trypanosoma cruzi, β-d-galactofuranose (β-Galf) is present only in the mucins of some strains of epimastigotes and α-d-galactopyranose (α-Galp) characterizes the mucins of the bloodstream trypomastigotes. The two last configurations confer high antigenic properties. In this review we discuss the different structures found and we pose the questions that still need investigation on the exchange of the configurations of galactose.

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Section: The Glycan In Mucins Of T Cruzimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the galectins bind preferentially to amastigotes. Although amastigotes lack mucins, β-galactopyranosides have been identified as determinants for host–cell interactions in the specific glycoprotein Ssp4 [ 59 ]. The fine glycan structure of Ssp4 was not reported.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Galectins In the Infection Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glycan Structure of T. cruzi mucins Depends on the Host. Insights on the Chameleonic Galactose

Giorgi

Lederkremer

2020

Molecules

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“…(8) Various molecules participate in the inflammatory condition in Chagas disease, among which, galactic 3 (Gal-3). (9,10) It has been demonstrated that T. cruzi uses Gal-3 to interact with laminin, the primary constituent of basal membranes, promoting fixation and entrance of the parasite. (11) On the other hand, the lower expression of Gal-3 favors the multiplication of amastigotes, which suggests that this galectin develops control throughout the chagasic infection.…”

Section: ❚ Resumomentioning

confidence: 99%

Although with intact mucosa at colonoscopy, chagasic megacolons have an overexpression of Gal-3

Garvil

Furtado

Lima

et al. 2020

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To evaluate the density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells, collagen percentage, mast cell density and presence of pathological processes in intestinal muscle biopsies of patients. Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent intestinal biopsy were selected from 1997 to 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: chagasic patients with mucosal lesion (n=13), chagasic patients with intact mucosa (n=12) and non-chagasic patients with no mucosal lesion (n=10). Histological processing of the biopsied fragments and immunohistochemistry for galectin-3 were performed. Additional sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the general pathological processes, picrosirius for evaluation of collagen and toluidine blue to evaluate the mast cell density. Results: Patients of mucosal lesion group had a significantly higher frequency of ganglionitis and myositis when compared to the chagasic patients with intact mucosa and non-chagasic group. The density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells was significantly higher in the chagasic patients with intact mucosa group when compared to the non-chagasic group. The group of chagasic patients with intact mucosa presented a higher percentage of collagen in relation to the patients with mucosal lesion and to the non-chagasic group, with a significant difference. There was no significant difference in mast cell density among the three groups. Conclusion: The higher density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells in patients in the chagasic patients with intact mucosa group suggested the need for greater attention in clinical evaluation of these patients, since this protein is associated with neoplastic transformation and progression.

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“… Extracellular amastigotes (EAs) of T. cruzi release microvesicles over cellular or non-cellular surfaces. (A) EAs can release microvesicles trails (arrowhead) over acellular surfaces such as uncoated transwell membrane (scanning electron microscopy) ( Florentino et al, 2018 ). (B) EAs can also secrete microvesicle trails over HeLa cells ( Florentino et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Cups As Synaptic Junctions and Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A) EAs can release microvesicles trails (arrowhead) over acellular surfaces such as uncoated transwell membrane (scanning electron microscopy) ( Florentino et al, 2018 ). (B) EAs can also secrete microvesicle trails over HeLa cells ( Florentino et al, 2018 ). In this particular interaction, microvesicle trails (arrowheads) were secreted inside the actin-rich cup-like structure induced on the surface of HeLa cells by the EA (3D rendering of confocal microscopy acquisition).…”

Section: Cups As Synaptic Junctions and Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Amastigote Synapse: The Tricks of Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes

et al. 2018

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To complete its life cycle within the mammalian host, Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas’ disease, must enter cells. Trypomastigotes originating from the insect vector (metacyclic) or from infected cells (bloodstream/tissue culture-derived) are the classical infective forms of the parasite and enter mammalian cells in an actin-independent manner. By contrast, amastigotes originating from the premature rupture of infected cells or transformed from swimming trypomastigotes (designated extracellular amastigotes, EAs) require functional intact microfilaments to invade non-phagocytic host cells. Earlier work disclosed the key features of EA-HeLa cell interplay: actin-rich protrusions called ‘cups’ are formed at EA invasion sites on the host cell membrane that are also enriched in actin-binding proteins, integrins and extracellular matrix elements. In the past decades we described the participation of membrane components and secreted factors from EAs as well as the actin-regulating proteins of host cells involved in what we propose to be a phagocytic-like mechanism of parasite uptake. Thus, regarding this new perspective herein we present previously described EA-induced ‘cups’ as parasitic synapse since they can play a role beyond its architecture function. In this review, we focus on recent findings that shed light on the intricate interaction between extracellular amastigotes and non-phagocytic HeLa cells.

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A Carbohydrate Moiety of Secreted Stage-Specific Glycoprotein 4 Participates in Host Cell Invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

The Glycan Structure of T. cruzi mucins Depends on the Host. Insights on the Chameleonic Galactose

The Glycan Structure of T. cruzi mucins Depends on the Host. Insights on the Chameleonic Galactose

Although with intact mucosa at colonoscopy, chagasic megacolons have an overexpression of Gal-3

Amastigote Synapse: The Tricks of Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes

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