A caminho da morte com dignidade no século XXI

Abstract

Este artigo objetiva traçar reflexões sobre a morte com dignidade no século XXI. Para tanto, cinco itens são considerados: 1. Retratos da morte no século XXI: morte interdita, morte escancarada e algumas formas de morte indignas presentes na atualidade; 2. Necessidades do paciente no final da vida e como o conceito de paciente terminal torna genéricas as formas de cuidado; 3. Definições, esclarecimentos e questões bioéticas envolvendo eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia; 4. Testamento vital e diretivas antecipadas de vontade são os documentos apresentados como possibilidade de resgate da autonomia dos pacientes e instrumentos que facilitam a decisão de familiares sobre tratamentos, na incapacidade do paciente; 5. Reflexões sobre os caminhos da morte no século XXI, enfatizando a importância do desenvolvimento de programas de cuidados paliativos no Brasil.

A experiência do comitê de bioética de um hospital público

“…Thus, it is suggested that it should be widely discussed at the committee meetings. The concept of a Living Will emerged as a response to technological advances and aggressive medical treatment, used in ambiguous situations, often referred to as therapeutic obstinacy 36 . As of CFM Resolution 1995/2012 37 , opinions for and against were presented by doctors and other professionals in the media.…”

“…The Living Will is considered a way to protect autonomy and respect values and choices of the patient 36,38 . However, it should be taken into consideration that competent people may not always be able to make decisions about their future, since these decisions can be based on an imaginary concept of how the future would be 38 .…”

Cross cultural adaptation of Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale to the brazilian reality / Adaptação transcultural da Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale à realidade brasileira

“…3 Through a search conducted in several databases, a considerable number of publications on topics related to death were observed, such as: the death and dying process, patient out of therapeutic possibility, end-of-life humanization and palliative care. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, research on the fear of death and dying is still very scarce in the international literature, and recently the interest in providing valid instruments for the measurement of this construct has contributed to the growth of scientific production related to the theme. [13][14][15] In Brazil, Kovács 16 translated the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluated the idiomatic equivalences between the original scale and the translated version, which was called the Multidimensional Scale to Measure the Fear of Death (EMMM).…”

Conflitos bioéticos: atendimento fisioterapêutico domiciliar a pacientes em condição de terminalidade

“…It is important that professionals know the limits of their abilities, in order not to generate unrealistic expectations and frustrations, once, as Kovács points out, there is no solution to death, but the possibility to help die well and with dignity 14 .…”

“…For this research, bioethics has become a tool for reflection in the face of biotechnological advances, because through these, life starts to be monitored and also prolonged 14 . In this sense, considering a scenario in which the aim is to increase survival, especially of terminal patients, we should also think of the humanization of care, since, according to Masiá, we are becoming more aware of the need to humanize the process of dying 19 .…”