A Call for Sensemaking Support Systems in Crisis Management

Muhren, W.J.; Walle, B.A. van de

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11688-9_16

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Transparent automated systems ( Endsley, 1996 ; Sherry, Feary, Polson, & Palmer, 2001 ) that aim to keep the pilot in the loop may help to update the active frame when a situation changes. Displays can also be designed to aid the sensemaking process (e.g., Muhren & Van de Walle, 2010 ). For instance, ecological interface design is intended to structure complex relationships between information in such a way that constraints become self-evident, decreasing the need for the pilot to construct frames for these relationships (e.g., Borst, Sjer, Mulder, Van Paassen, & Mulder, 2008 ).…”

Section: A Conceptual Model Of Startle and Surprisementioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing With Unexpected Events on the Flight Deck: A Conceptual Model of Startle and Surprise

Landman

Groen²,

Paassen

et al. 2017

Hum Factors

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Objective:A conceptual model is proposed in order to explain pilot performance in surprising and startling situations.Background:Today’s debate around loss of control following in-flight events and the implementation of upset prevention and recovery training has highlighted the importance of pilots’ ability to deal with unexpected events. Unexpected events, such as technical malfunctions or automation surprises, potentially induce a “startle factor” that may significantly impair performance.Method:Literature on surprise, startle, resilience, and decision making is reviewed, and findings are combined into a conceptual model. A number of recent flight incident and accident cases are then used to illustrate elements of the model.Results:Pilot perception and actions are conceptualized as being guided by “frames,” or mental knowledge structures that were previously learned. Performance issues in unexpected situations can often be traced back to insufficient adaptation of one’s frame to the situation. It is argued that such sensemaking or reframing processes are especially vulnerable to issues caused by startle or acute stress.Conclusion:Interventions should focus on (a) increasing the supply and quality of pilot frames (e.g., though practicing a variety of situations), (b) increasing pilot reframing skills (e.g., through the use of unpredictability in training scenarios), and (c) improving pilot metacognitive skills, so that inappropriate automatic responses to startle and surprise can be avoided.Application:The model can be used to explain pilot behavior in accident cases, to design experiments and training simulations, to teach pilots metacognitive skills, and to identify intervention methods.

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“…This is the layer in charge of combining, merging and contextualizing the gathered data. The question of syntactic and semantic interpretation, as well as sensemaking [9] is at the heart of this layer. The main objective of this level is to obtain situation models automatically built form the gathered data.…”

Section: • In Crisis Management the Exploitation World Is Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Framework and a Suite of Tools to Support Crisis Management

Bénaben¹,

Montarnal²,

Truptil³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…The communication process of various communities with formal and informal systems in the times of crisis has been researched by Armour (2010). Sense-making and information management in emergency response has also been discussed by Muhren and Van de Walle (2010a, b). Even Muhren and Van de Walle (2010a, b) recognise that information systems can make it easier for actors to create and adapt frames of reference in emergency situations.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sense-making and information management in emergency response has also been discussed by Muhren and Van de Walle (2010a, b). Even Muhren and Van de Walle (2010a, b) recognise that information systems can make it easier for actors to create and adapt frames of reference in emergency situations. The optimal usage of web based information systems in the times of acute emergencies has been discussed by Muhren et al (2009).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Digital user behaviour of academicians in a conflict zone, Kashmir

Gul

Shah²,

Sudiro³

2014

Program

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Purpose -The aim of this paper is to explore digital user behaviour of academicians in Kashmir (Indian Administered) in the times of conflict (2008)(2009)(2010) and peace (2011)(2012). It is an attempt to investigate the influence of political conditions on the usage of electronic resources. Design/methodology/approach -Transaction logs in the form of COUNTER reports from Project MUSE database that represent usage at University of Kashmir, were mined for five years -January 2008 to December 2012. The data was divided in to two time periods; conflict period -2008 to 2010 and peace period -2011 to 2012. Findings -There is a strong relationship between peace, conflict and e-resource usage. The results confirm peace and conflict as explanatory factors on the use of electronic resources in conflict zones, like Kashmir. Research limitations/implications -Understanding how users behave in the online academic environments, the academic administrators can help to satisfy the perceptions and needs of users associated with the electronic resource settings.Practical implications -The study shows that more attention should be given to prevail peace in conflict zones in order to maximise the use of e-resources. Originality/value -The study is the first of its kind as it is trying to relate the user behaviour with political setups in a conflict zone, Kashmir.

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“…Actors need appropriate support to make sense of what is going on and to deal with problems of ambiguity and equivocality. Information systems can make it easier for actors to create and adapt frames of reference in emergency situations [6]. When specifically looking at ambiguity, information systems can prevent information overload and filter out information by focusing on specific cues.…”

Section: Sense‐making Support Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense-making and information management in emergency response

Muhren

Walle

2010

Bul. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech.

Self Cite

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They can be reached respectively at w.j.muhrenuvt.nl and barteluvt.nl. E mergency response conditions are characterized by a high degree of turbulence and dynamic change, time constraints, cascading events, a multitude of actors and high stakes [1]. Emergency responders need to make decisions on the course of action they will pursue, and they also need to make judgments on what is happening around them and understand what is going on in order to decide and act appropriately. Our research shows that in such demanding conditions, effective response is very much dependent upon the responders' sense-making abilities. Sense-makingSense-making literally means making sense of things, making things sensible. Sense-making is usually initiated by a sudden loss of meaning caused by unforeseen changes in the environment which break the imaginary link between expectation and reality and force actors to reevaluate what they are doing and where they should go. When people's sense of what is happening is affected, and they do not know how to proceed, they experience what is called a cosmology episode: they are being thrown into an ongoing, unknowable, unpredictable streaming of experience in search of answers to the question, "What's the story?" [2]. When people who are struggling to make sense actually find an answer to that question and their sense-making efforts have actually produced sense as the final product, they have the fundaments to make decisions about future steps. Sense-making is not just the end product of understanding itself, but is even more so the process of how people try to find out the story, the deliberate effort to understand events and how they give meaning to what is happening in order to reduce the equivocality and ambiguity that surrounds them.Research on sense-making has identified a set of seven properties that characterize the sense-making process [3]. First, sense-making is grounded in identity construction, meaning that the interpretation one gives to what is happening depends on who the sense-maker is and who he or she represents. Second, retrospection plays an important role in sense-making, since people use hindsight to look back at experiences and use the lessons learned of their success or failure in the current context. The third characteristic of sensemaking is enactment: people do not wait passively for things to happen, but act to influence the environment and observe what happens. Fourth, the social dimension is important for sense-makers, as they always try to find out what other people think and understand, and they take into account other people's reactions when they act. Fifth, sense-making is ongoing, a process that never stops, especially in such a dynamic environment as an emergency. Sixth, people extract cues from the environment and focus on them, as they cannot pay attention to everything that is happening around them. Finally, sense-making is driven by plausibility rather than accuracy, as plausible accounts of the situation are often good enough to act upon. Informat...

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A Call for Sensemaking Support Systems in Crisis Management

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Dealing With Unexpected Events on the Flight Deck: A Conceptual Model of Startle and Surprise

A Conceptual Framework and a Suite of Tools to Support Crisis Management

Digital user behaviour of academicians in a conflict zone, Kashmir

Sense-making and information management in emergency response

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