A Brief Introduction into the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: New and Old Techniques

Abstract

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex system of enzymes, receptors, and peptides that help to control blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Techniques in studying the RAAS can be difficult due to such factors as peptide/enzyme stability and receptor localization. This paper gives a brief account of the different components of the RAAS and current methods in measuring each component. There is also a discussion of different methods in measuring stem and immune cells by flow cytometry, hypertension, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, energy balance, and other RAAS-activated phenotypes. While studies on the RAAS have been performed for over 100 years, new techniques have allowed scientists to come up with new insights into this system. These techniques are detailed in this Methods in Molecular Biology Series and give students new to studying the RAAS the proper controls and technical details needed to perform each procedure.

New‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart surgery

“…It is a part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that modulates the release of angiotensin. 99 The direct effects of angiotensin Author Manuscript blockade on the structural and electrical properties of the atria, as well as the indirect influence of improved control of heart failure and hypertension, are considered to mediate a potential risk reduction for the development of poAF. 100 Randomized, controlled trials have shown that angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs) reduces poAF (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66 -0.92), with similar but non-significant results for ACE-inhibitors (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62 -1:00).…”

Combination Therapy in Hypertension: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor with a Diuretic or Calcium Channel Blocker

“…Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) [48,49] is a complex system comprising many peptides, receptors, and enzymes [50]. RAAS is considered a key element in maintaining the hemostatic of the body fluid, electrolytes, and arterial blood pressure [51].…”

Combination Therapy in Hypertension: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor with a Diuretic or Calcium Channel Blocker

“…Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) [48,49] is a complex system comprising many peptides, receptors, and enzymes [50]. RAAS is considered a key element in maintaining the hemostatic of the body fluid, electrolytes, and arterial blood pressure [51].…”