A Blockchain Implementation Prototype for the Electronic Open Source Traceability of Wood along the Whole Supply Chain

Abstract

This is the first work to introduce the use of blockchain technology for the electronic traceability of wood from standing tree to final user. Infotracing integrates the information related to the product quality with those related to the traceability [physical and digital documents (Radio Frequency IDentification—RFID—architecture)] within an online information system whose steps (transactions) can be made safe to evidence of alteration through the blockchain. This is a decentralized and distributed ledger that keeps records of digital transactions in such a way that makes them accessible and visible to multiple participants in a network while keeping them secure without the need of a centralized certification organism. This work implements a blockchain architecture within the wood chain electronic traceability. The infotracing system is based on RFID sensors and open source technology. The entire forest wood supply chain was simulated from standing trees to the final product passing through tree cutting and sawmill process. Different kinds of Internet of Things (IoT) open source devices and tags were used, and a specific app aiming the forest operations was engineered to collect and store in a centralized database information (e.g., species, date, position, dendrometric and commercial information).

A review on blockchain applications in the agri‐food sector

“…Blockchain technology, being based on a decentralized database could efficiently manage transactions sharing all network nodes which contain same unmodifiable information. As reported by Figorilli et al ., this technology introduces a new level of transparency and efficiency, allowing the network to achieve and create confident transactions in an untrustworthy environment.…”

“…The second case study by Figorilli et al . represents the first work introducing the use of blockchain technology for the electronic traceability of wood from standing tree to final user.…”

“…The second case study by Figorilli et al 5 represents the first work introducing the use of blockchain technology for the electronic traceability of wood from standing tree to final user. In this study, the entire forest wood supply chain was simulated in southern Italy (Calabria Region), from standing trees to the final product passing through tree cutting (felling, harvesting, processing) and sawmill process.…”

“…In addition, recent studies have explored the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) within the supply chain as enabler of real time quality management and control systems to achieve an increased security …”

“…4 In addition, recent studies have explored the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) within the supply chain as enabler of real time quality management and control systems to achieve an increased security. 5 Generally, agri-food trade involves several stakeholders (e.g. farmers, processors, traders, wholesalers, retailers and consumers) demanding for high-quality and safe products including as much information as possible.…”