“…2.1 and 2.2, respectively; Step7: Update the particle positions. In order to reduce the influence of control coefficients, such as inertia weight and acceleration coefficients, on the performance of the proposed algorithm, a Gaussian sampling based on the global best position g i = (g i,1 , g i,2 , · · · , g i,n ) and the personal best position p i = (p i,1 , p i,2 , · · · , p i,n ), proposed in [12], is used to generate new particles, as follows:…”