A +70-dBm IIP3 Electrical-Balance Duplexer for Highly Integrated Tunable Front-Ends

Liempd, Barend van; Hershberg, Benjamin; Ariumi, Saneaki; Raczkowski, Kuba; Bink, Karl-Frederik; Karthaus, U.; Martens, Ewout; Wambacq, Piet; Craninckx, Jan

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2016.2613039

Cited by 76 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Z Bal needs to be designed for a large tunability range, covering antenna impedance variation of 1.5:1 VSWR, with high-resolution of 32 bits while maintaining the linearity of at least +70 dBm from TX to the antenna in order to fulfill the full-duplex scenario [8]. Moreover, a symmetrical center-tap transformer causes 3 dB losses on the TX chain due to the current divider, in addition to the losses due to the low Q-factor of integrated transformers.…”

Section: Electrically Balanced Duplexermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the used hybrid transformer has a low Q-factor of around 10 which results in 11 dB insertion loss (IL) for the received signal. The insertion loss can be considerably improved with higher Q-factor transformers as shown in [8]. Thicker metal layers and larger area are used to reach a Q-factor around 17 which decreases IL to 3.9 dB.…”

Section: Electrically Balanced Duplexermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration solutions for reconfigurable multi-standard wireless transceivers

Kale

Batistell

Popuri

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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This article presents an overview of modern integration concepts for receiver, transmitter and duplexer architectures. Based on innovative design techniques, a system-in-package integrated RF transceiver architecture is proposed as a low-cost low-power alternative to traditional multi-standard transceivers. The proposed transceiver architecture unites advantages of a sub-sampling receiver with tunable low noise amplifier (LNA), a high-efficiency digital power amplifier and an integrated duplexer with on-package passive components in order to fulfill the more and more stringent requirements for wireless systems. In addition to the transceiver architecture, measurement results of building blocks are presented. A LNA circuit implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology provides a continuously tunable-gain (3-23 dB) and a tunable frequency band (4.5 GHz-5.5 GHz) with noise figure of 2 dB and IIP 3 of −6.5 dBm at the highest gain. A high Q-factor, on-package transformer, implemented in a core-less 3-metal layer system-in-package substrate, presents a coupling factor of 0.6 and a Q-factor of approximately 30. This provides a low-cost, high-performance alternative solution to integrated matching networks and duplexers. IntroductionModern wireless transceivers require multi-band and multi-standard operation, which leads to complex, bulky and power hungry implementations. An architecture for state-of-the-art multi-standard transceiver is shown in Fig. 1, where several transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) chains are required in order to fulfill specifications for wireless standards.With the evolution of wireless systems, even more communication standards are being proposed while maintaining backward compatibility, therefore, cost and complexity of RF transceivers tend to increase. For high-performance communication standards, external off-chip components with optimized performance such as duplexer filter and power amplifier (PA), are necessary to satisfy ever-growing standard requirements. On the contrary, for low-performance battery operated applications such as Internet of things (IoT), lowpower and low-cost implementations are desired.This article presents a set of innovative design concepts, for receivers, transmitters and system-in-package (SiP) integration, which provides reconfigurability, wide frequency operation, higher power efficiency and low-cost. Based on the presented concepts, an RF transceiver architecture shown in Fig. 2 is proposed. The RX chain is based on a tunable active-balun LNA and a sub-sampling down-

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Section: Electrically Balanced Duplexermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrically Balanced Duplexermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration solutions for reconfigurable multi-standard wireless transceivers

Kale

Batistell

Popuri

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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“…EBDs and have received substantial interest as a potential alternative to SAW duplexers [2], [3], [5], [8], [10]. EBDs are potentially well suited to handset applications: they can be implemented within the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), can be tuned over wide frequency ranges, and prototypes have demonstrated the required linearity, power handling, and low insertion loss for cellular applications [3], [5]. However, the isolation bandwidth of the EBD is limited by the impedance balance between the antenna and a tunable balancing impedance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum Downlink Band Duplex Isolation Requirements for LTE User Equipment

Laughlin

Zhang

Beach

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)

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Duplexers based on self-interference cancellation can provide substantial transmit-to-receive (Tx-Rx) isolation, whilst being tunable over wide frequency ranges, presenting a promising alternative to fixed-frequency acoustic duplexers commonly used in today's mobile devices. However, the level of Tx-Rx isolation provided by tunable duplexers is typically lower compared to surface acoustic wave and bulk acoustic wave devices. This paper investigates the impact of reduced isolation on receiver (Rx) noise figure (NF), and quantifies the minimum requirement for Tx-Rx isolation in a long term evolution (LTE) mobile terminal. Tx noise in the Rx band is quantified through measurements taken from a cellular handset power amplifier, for a range of duplex separations and uplink bandwidths, and combined with a simple linear model to calculate the desensitized Rx NF as a function of Tx-Rx isolation. LTE downlink throughput simulations are used to assess the impact of isolation on LTE sensitivity, and establish the minimum isolation required for LTE sensitivity specification compliance. Results show that reduced duplexer isolation leads to substantial desensitization for some duplex separation/bandwidth combinations, however, to achieve the minimum LTE sensitivity requires only 38 dB of isolation in the Rx band; this is achievable using current tunable duplexing technologies.

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“…Balance network structure used in simulations[10]. Simulated (a) TX-BB isolation and (b) ANT-BB gain of the circulator receiver.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Design of Commutation-Based Circulator-Receivers for Integrated Full-Duplex Wireless

Reiskarimian

Dastjerdi

Zhou

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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Previously, we presented a non-magnetic, nonreciprocal N-path-filter-based circulator-receiver (circ.-RX) architecture for full-duplex (FD) wireless which merges a commutation-based linear periodically-time-varying (LPTV) non-magnetic circulator with a down-converting mixer and directly provides the baseband (BB) receiver signals at its output, while suppressing the noise contribution of one set of the commutating switches. The architecture also incorporates an on-chip balance network to enhance the transmitter (TX)receiver (RX) isolation. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the architecture, including a noise analysis and an analysis of the effect of the balance network. The analyses are verified by simulation and measurement results of a 65 nm CMOS 750 MHz circulator-receiver prototype. The circulator-receiver can handle up to +8 dBm of TX power, with 8 dB noise figure (NF) and 40 dB average isolation over 20 MHz RF bandwidth (BW). In conjunction with digital self-interference (SI) and its third-order intermodulation (IM3) cancellation, the FD circ.-RX demonstrates 80 dB overall SI suppression for up to +8 dBm TX average output power. The claims are also verified through an FD demonstration where a -50 dBm weak desired received signal is recovered while transmitting a 0 dBm average-power OFDM-like TX signal.

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A +70-dBm IIP3 Electrical-Balance Duplexer for Highly Integrated Tunable Front-Ends

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Integration solutions for reconfigurable multi-standard wireless transceivers

Integration solutions for reconfigurable multi-standard wireless transceivers

Minimum Downlink Band Duplex Isolation Requirements for LTE User Equipment

Analysis and Design of Commutation-Based Circulator-Receivers for Integrated Full-Duplex Wireless

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