A 28-day feeding study with ethyl acetoacetate in rats

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1

“…Mean red blood cell volume values were said to have been within the normal range for Sprague-Dawley rats. No toxicologically significant lesions were noted at microscopic examination (Cook et al 1992).…”

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1

“…Mean red blood cell volume values were said to have been within the normal range for Sprague-Dawley rats. No toxicologically significant lesions were noted at microscopic examination (Cook et al 1992).…”

Re‐evaluation of acacia gum (E 414) as a food additive

“…Cook et al. () evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic ( Acacia species not stated) using 3‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

“…The data from the assays of the liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 gave no indication for an inductive effect of acacia gum. Cook et al (1992) evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic (Acacia species not stated) using 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

“…Regarding toxicity studies of the metabolites and structurally related substances of the four flavouring substances, the results on ethyl acetoacetate (Cook et al 1992), levulinic acid (Tischer et al 1942), glycolic acid (USEPA 2000) and propylene glycol (Morris et al 1942;Weil et al 1971;Gaunt et al 1972) have been reported in rats and are shown in Table 5.…”

“…Although proteinaceous aggregates in the urinary bladder of males and calcium deposits in the kidneys of females were found in the group ingesting 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 , renal function was unimpaired in the treated male and female animals. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ethyl acetoacetate was determined to be > 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 (Cook et al 1992). …”

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1

“…Mean red blood cell volume values were said to have been within the normal range for Sprague-Dawley rats. No toxicologically significant lesions were noted at microscopic examination (Cook et al 1992).…”

Re‐evaluation of acacia gum (E 414) as a food additive

“…Cook et al. () evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic ( Acacia species not stated) using 3‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

“…The data from the assays of the liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 gave no indication for an inductive effect of acacia gum. Cook et al (1992) evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic (Acacia species not stated) using 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

“…Regarding toxicity studies of the metabolites and structurally related substances of the four flavouring substances, the results on ethyl acetoacetate (Cook et al 1992), levulinic acid (Tischer et al 1942), glycolic acid (USEPA 2000) and propylene glycol (Morris et al 1942;Weil et al 1971;Gaunt et al 1972) have been reported in rats and are shown in Table 5.…”

“…Although proteinaceous aggregates in the urinary bladder of males and calcium deposits in the kidneys of females were found in the group ingesting 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 , renal function was unimpaired in the treated male and female animals. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ethyl acetoacetate was determined to be > 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 (Cook et al 1992). …”

Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Acacia Catechu Gum, Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Extract, Acacia Dealbata Leaf Wax, Acacia Decurrens Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Extract, Acacia Farnesiana Flower Wax, Acacia Farnesiana Gum, Acacia Senegal Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, and Acacia Senegal Gum Extract1

“…Mean red blood cell volume values were said to have been within the normal range for Sprague-Dawley rats. No toxicologically significant lesions were noted at microscopic examination (Cook et al 1992).…”

Re‐evaluation of acacia gum (E 414) as a food additive

“…Cook et al. () evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic ( Acacia species not stated) using 3‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

“…The data from the assays of the liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 gave no indication for an inductive effect of acacia gum. Cook et al (1992) evaluated the oral toxicity of gum arabic (Acacia species not stated) using 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (16 males and 16 females). Three days before dosing, mean body weights were 122 g and 125 g for males and females, respectively.…”

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

“…Regarding toxicity studies of the metabolites and structurally related substances of the four flavouring substances, the results on ethyl acetoacetate (Cook et al 1992), levulinic acid (Tischer et al 1942), glycolic acid (USEPA 2000) and propylene glycol (Morris et al 1942;Weil et al 1971;Gaunt et al 1972) have been reported in rats and are shown in Table 5.…”

“…Although proteinaceous aggregates in the urinary bladder of males and calcium deposits in the kidneys of females were found in the group ingesting 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 , renal function was unimpaired in the treated male and female animals. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ethyl acetoacetate was determined to be > 1000 mg kg −1 bw day −1 (Cook et al 1992). …”