A 137-element active reflect array with dual-feed microstrip patch elements

An integrated active microstrip reflectarray element with an internal amplifier

“…This technique has also been used in spatial power combining applications that do not use reflectarrays [15]- [17]. Others have used a single patch antenna with electromagnetically-coupled or direct feeds to an amplifier residing on a layer beneath the antenna's ground plane [8], [9], [12], with little attention paid to system stability.…”

An integrated active microstrip reflectarray element with an internal amplifier

“…This technique has also been used in spatial power combining applications that do not use reflectarrays [15]- [17]. Others have used a single patch antenna with electromagnetically-coupled or direct feeds to an amplifier residing on a layer beneath the antenna's ground plane [8], [9], [12], with little attention paid to system stability.…”

A Metal-Only Reflectarray Antenna Using Double Split Square Ring Slot Element

“…It combines some of the favorable features of reflectors and phased arrays, such as high radiation efficiency, low-profile, lightweight, and easy-to-deploy. Numerous techniques have been proposed to design the reflectarray elements, such as singlelayer single-resonant design [3][4], single-layer multi-resonant design [5][6][7], multilayer multi-resonant design [8][9][10], aperture coupled design [11][12][13][14], and so on. Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate.…”

“…Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate. Even with the air substrate in some designs [7,8,11], a thin dielectric layer is still required to keep the element in place. However, the operating environment in outer space is harsh, such as extremely high and low temperatures, which impose more stringent requirements on the design, so that a metal-only structure is commonly desired to withstand such environment.…”

Bandwidth Improvement of Reflectarrays Using Single-Layered Double Concentric Circular Ring Elements

“…However, one major drawback of reflectarrays is their narrowband performance [1][2][3]. Numerous techniques have been proposed to improve the bandwidth of reflectarrays, such as multilayer designs [4,5], single-layer multi-resonant designs [6,7] and aperture coupled designs [8,9]. An alternative method for broadband design has been introduced by using sub-wavelength elements instead of the conventional λ/2 elements [10][11][12].…”

An integrated active microstrip reflectarray element with an internal amplifier

“…This technique has also been used in spatial power combining applications that do not use reflectarrays [15]- [17]. Others have used a single patch antenna with electromagnetically-coupled or direct feeds to an amplifier residing on a layer beneath the antenna's ground plane [8], [9], [12], with little attention paid to system stability.…”

A Metal-Only Reflectarray Antenna Using Double Split Square Ring Slot Element

“…It combines some of the favorable features of reflectors and phased arrays, such as high radiation efficiency, low-profile, lightweight, and easy-to-deploy. Numerous techniques have been proposed to design the reflectarray elements, such as singlelayer single-resonant design [3][4], single-layer multi-resonant design [5][6][7], multilayer multi-resonant design [8][9][10], aperture coupled design [11][12][13][14], and so on. Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate.…”

“…Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate. Even with the air substrate in some designs [7,8,11], a thin dielectric layer is still required to keep the element in place. However, the operating environment in outer space is harsh, such as extremely high and low temperatures, which impose more stringent requirements on the design, so that a metal-only structure is commonly desired to withstand such environment.…”

Bandwidth Improvement of Reflectarrays Using Single-Layered Double Concentric Circular Ring Elements

“…However, one major drawback of reflectarrays is their narrowband performance [1][2][3]. Numerous techniques have been proposed to improve the bandwidth of reflectarrays, such as multilayer designs [4,5], single-layer multi-resonant designs [6,7] and aperture coupled designs [8,9]. An alternative method for broadband design has been introduced by using sub-wavelength elements instead of the conventional λ/2 elements [10][11][12].…”

An integrated active microstrip reflectarray element with an internal amplifier

“…This technique has also been used in spatial power combining applications that do not use reflectarrays [15]- [17]. Others have used a single patch antenna with electromagnetically-coupled or direct feeds to an amplifier residing on a layer beneath the antenna's ground plane [8], [9], [12], with little attention paid to system stability.…”

A Metal-Only Reflectarray Antenna Using Double Split Square Ring Slot Element

“…It combines some of the favorable features of reflectors and phased arrays, such as high radiation efficiency, low-profile, lightweight, and easy-to-deploy. Numerous techniques have been proposed to design the reflectarray elements, such as singlelayer single-resonant design [3][4], single-layer multi-resonant design [5][6][7], multilayer multi-resonant design [8][9][10], aperture coupled design [11][12][13][14], and so on. Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate.…”

“…Among these techniques, the designed reflectarrays are usually supported by singlelayer or multiple-layer of grounded dielectric substrate. Even with the air substrate in some designs [7,8,11], a thin dielectric layer is still required to keep the element in place. However, the operating environment in outer space is harsh, such as extremely high and low temperatures, which impose more stringent requirements on the design, so that a metal-only structure is commonly desired to withstand such environment.…”

Bandwidth Improvement of Reflectarrays Using Single-Layered Double Concentric Circular Ring Elements

“…However, one major drawback of reflectarrays is their narrowband performance [1][2][3]. Numerous techniques have been proposed to improve the bandwidth of reflectarrays, such as multilayer designs [4,5], single-layer multi-resonant designs [6,7] and aperture coupled designs [8,9]. An alternative method for broadband design has been introduced by using sub-wavelength elements instead of the conventional λ/2 elements [10][11][12].…”