A 125-GHz Permittivity Sensor With Read-Out Circuit in a 250-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

Laemmle, Benjamin; Schmalz, K.; Scheytt, J. Christoph; Weigel, Robert; Kissinger, Dietmar

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2013.2253792

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Kramers-Kronig formulas are given by [6], [31] (19) (20) In (19) and (20), the Cauchy principal value of the integral should be used due to the singularity at . 1) Estimation of Using : As an application to Kramers-Kronig formulas, (20) can be used to estimate the values of using the measured values of in Fig.…”

Section: A Applying Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Estimation of Using : Similar to the estimation of , (19) can be used to estimate the values of using the measured values of in Fig. 16.…”

Section: A Applying Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microwave signal at the sensing frequency is self-generated inside the PLL for a self-sustained operation. In [19] and [20], the reflection and transmission profiles from the sensor are 0018-9480 © 2013 IEEE detected to characterize the MUT. This method requires relatively large sensing structures if used for sensing frequencies below 10 GHz.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Permittivity Detection of Organic Chemicals and Mixtures Using a 0.5–3-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System

Helmy

Kabiri

Bajestan

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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In this paper, a miniaturized broadband dielectric spectroscopy system is presented for complex permittivity detection of organic chemicals in the 0.5-3-GHz frequency range. A sensing capacitor exposed to a material under test exhibits changes in its capacitance and resistance according to the complex permittivity. The sensing capacitor is embedded inside a wideband impedance divider circuit excited by an external microwave signal at the sensing frequency. The amplitude and phase variation of the microwave signal across the impedance divider is a function of the complex permittivity. Wideband in-phase and quadrautre mixers are used to measure the resulting amplitude and phase variations. A unique calibration algorithm using reference liquids is applied to the fabricated sensor and sensor characteristics are extracted using 2-D surface fitting. Complex permittivity detection of pure organic chemicals is performed with an error less than 1.5% in the 0.5-3-GHz frequency range. The measured points of the permittivity versus frequency are used to estimate the static permittivity using extrapolation with an error less than 1.5% compared to theoretical values. The sensor is also applied to measure the permittivities of binary mixtures with a mixing ratio accuracy of 1%.

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Section: A Applying Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Estimation of Using : Similar to the estimation of , (19) can be used to estimate the values of using the measured values of in Fig. 16.…”

Section: A Applying Kramers-kronig Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Permittivity Detection of Organic Chemicals and Mixtures Using a 0.5–3-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System

Helmy

Kabiri

Bajestan

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…implantable lab-on-chip system [1], [2]. One-port and twoport measurement techniques in microwave and radio frequencies are adopted for dielectric sensing using different read-out approaches like de-embedding S-parameters [1], measuring the phase of transmission co-efficients [3], measuring the phase of reflection co-efficients [4], using dielectric probes [5], sensing resonator based oscillators, synthesizers and PLLs [2], [6], [7]. This paper presents three approaches based on resonator based dielectric sensing techniques: open-stub resonator, shunt-stub resonator and a combination of an open-and a shunt-stub in the K-band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of microstrip stub resonators for dielectric sensing in low-power K-band VCO

Jamal

Guha

Eissa

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems (BioWireleSS)

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This paper presents the design and comparison of three K-band sensing oscillators in standard 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with featuring an open-stub, shunt-stub and a combination of both. The different stub types are combined with the inductive and capacitive elements of the particular oscillator and serve as the sensing elements in the respective setup. The input impedances of the stubs highly depend on the permittivity of the medium. Therefore, the oscillation frequencies correspond to the dielectric material under test (MUT). The sensors response to different dielectric properties has been investigated using different Methanol-Ethanol solutions The conducted experiments show that the proposed architectures indicate the MUTs permittivity with a maximum frequency shift of 4.3 % for a change in permittivity of 2.4. Each of three sensors has an chip-area of 0.6 mm 2 and consumes less than 12 mW power. The proposed sensor is a potential component for future low-power front-ends to perform minimally invasive investigations of bio-materials.

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“…Several techniques for dielectric sensing in biological and medical applications have been proposed and investigated. In recent years, microwave and radio frequency dielectric sensors have been demonstrated in several one-port and two-port sensing applications using different sensing and read-out approaches like de-embedding S-parameters [5], measuring the phase of transmission co-efficients [6], measuring the phase of reflection co-efficients [7], using dielectric probes [8], sensing resonator based oscillators, synthesizers and PLLs [9]- [10]. The proposed dielectric spectroscopy system is aimed to sense, characterize and differentiate bio-materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 24 GHz dielectric sensor based on distributed architecture

Jamal

Guha

Eissa

et al. 2016

2016 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)

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In this paper, a dielectric sensor based on distributed architecture topology is presented. The measured sensor delivers the dielectric information as a notch frequency between 21 GHz to 25 GHz. The proposed sensor is intended to perform as a microwave dielectric sensor to identify biomaterials but can be used for other applications as well. It is fabricated in a standard 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS process with HBTs (f T /f max = 120/140 GHz) and it consumes 13.4 mW DC power. The sensor has been simulated and measured with different dielectric materials. For proof of concept, first experiments have been conducted for air, epoxy resin and honey. Owing to the distributed concept and the destructive interference, a sensitivity of 0.32 GHz per unit permittivity (1.35% of the center frequency) was achieved. Based on these permittivity measurements, the presented results illustrate that this technique is a promising solution for biomaterial sensing and characterization.

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A 125-GHz Permittivity Sensor With Read-Out Circuit in a 250-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Complex Permittivity Detection of Organic Chemicals and Mixtures Using a 0.5–3-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System

Complex Permittivity Detection of Organic Chemicals and Mixtures Using a 0.5–3-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System

Comparison of microstrip stub resonators for dielectric sensing in low-power K-band VCO

A 24 GHz dielectric sensor based on distributed architecture

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