A 25 amino acid segment (Glu 666^P ro 691 ) of the II-III loop of the K K 1 subunit of the skeletal dihydropyridine receptor, but not the corresponding cardiac segment (Asp 788^P ro 814 ), activates skeletal ryanodine receptors. To identify the structural domains responsible for activation of skeletal ryanodine receptors, we systematically replaced amino acids of the cardiac II-III loop with their skeletal counterparts. A cluster of five basic residues of the skeletal II-III loop ( 681 RKRRK 685 ) was indispensable for activation of skeletal ryanodine receptors. In the cardiac segment, a negatively charged residue (Glu 804 ) appears to diminish the electrostatic potential created by this basic cluster. In addition, Glu 800 in the group of negatively charged residues 798 EEEEE 802 of the cardiac II-III loop may serve to prevent the binding of the activation domain.z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.