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Storkholm, Jan Henrik; Villadsen, Gerda Elisabeth; Jensen, S. L.; Gregersen, Hans

doi:10.1023/a:1018855113849

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A handful of previous studies on the biomechanics of large intestine were conducted on colon segments proximal to the LSN and PN innervation (3,4) and usually neglected the microscale mechanics (18,36,37). Biomechanics of more proximal portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been more extensively studied, including the small intestine (16,27,42,(47)(48)(49) and esophagus (25,26,28,39,44,45). However, both the physiological function and anatomic structure of the distal colorec- tum differ significantly from their proximal counterparts in the GI tract (24), preventing direct translation of knowledge to the distal colon and rectum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential biomechanical properties of mouse distal colon and rectum innervated by the splanchnic and pelvic afferents

Siri

Maier

Chen

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Visceral pain is one of the principal complaints of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, and this pain is reliably evoked by mechanical distension and stretch of distal colon and rectum (colorectum). This study focuses on the biomechanics of the colorectum that could play critical roles in mechanical neural encoding. We harvested the distal 30 mm of the colorectum from mice, divided evenly into three 10-mm-long segments (colonic, intermediate and rectal), and conducted biaxial mechanical stretch tests and opening-angle measurements for each tissue segment. In addition, we determined the collagen fiber orientations and contents across the thickness of the colorectal wall by nonlinear imaging via second harmonic generation (SHG). Our results reveal a progressive increase in tissue compliance and prestress from colonic to rectal segments, which supports prior electrophysiological findings of distinct mechanical neural encodings by afferents in the lumbar splanchnic nerves (LSN) and pelvic nerves (PN) that dominate colonic and rectal innervations, respectively. The colorectum is significantly more viscoelastic in the circumferential direction than in the axial direction. In addition, our SHG results reveal a rich collagen network in the submucosa and orients approximately ±30° to the axial direction, consistent with the biaxial test results presenting almost twice the stiffness in axial direction versus the circumferential direction. Results from current biomechanical study strongly indicate the prominent roles of local tissue biomechanics in determining the differential mechanical neural encoding functions in different regions of the colorectum. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mechanical distension and stretch—not heat, cutting, or pinching—reliably evoke pain from distal colon and rectum. We report different local mechanics along the longitudinal length of the colorectum, which is consistent with the existing literature on distinct mechanotransduction of afferents innervating proximal and distal regions of the colorectum. This study draws attention to local mechanics as a potential determinant factor for mechanical neural encoding of the colorectum, which is crucial in visceral nociception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential biomechanical properties of mouse distal colon and rectum innervated by the splanchnic and pelvic afferents

Siri

Maier

Chen

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Collagen fibers have diameters ranging from 0.5 to a few microns and they are assembled from thread-like collagen fibrils [68]. Collagen fiber morphology in the small and large intestine was determined by a handful of studies on sectioned tissue slices using chromatic and immunological staining and scanning electron microscopy [69][70][71][72][73][74]. Sokolis and Sassani used light microscopy to inspect the orientation of muscle, elastin, and collagen fibers [27], indicating that the configuration of collagen network differs greatly across the sublayers of large intestinal wall.…”

Section: Microscale Experimental Evidence (Large and Small Intestine)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of the Colon and Rectum I: Experimental Evidence

et al. 2020

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Many lower gastrointestinal diseases are associated with altered mechanical movement and deformation of the large intestine, i.e., the colon and rectum. The leading reason for patients’ visits to gastrointestinal clinics is visceral pain, which is reliably evoked by mechanical distension rather than non-mechanical stimuli such as inflammation or heating. The macroscopic biomechanics of the large intestine were characterized by mechanical tests and the microscopic by imaging the load-bearing constituents, i.e., intestinal collagen and muscle fibers. Regions with high mechanical stresses in the large intestine (submucosa and muscularis propria) coincide with locations of submucosal and myenteric neural plexuses, indicating a functional interaction between intestinal structural biomechanics and enteric neurons. In this review, we systematically summarized experimental evidence on the macro- and micro-scale biomechanics of the colon and rectum in both health and disease. We reviewed the heterogeneous mechanical properties of the colon and rectum and surveyed the imaging methods applied to characterize collagen fibers in the intestinal wall. We also discussed the presence of extrinsic and intrinsic neural tissues within different layers of the colon and rectum. This review provides a foundation for further advancements in intestinal biomechanics by synergistically studying the interplay between tissue biomechanics and enteric neurons.

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“…These differences in the composition of the extracellular matrix will dictate the serosal amine density, requiring the development of a specific assay to determine tissue amines. 9 Variance in the surface properties of small intestinal subjacent tissues in our model system enables us to study the extent to which natural gradients in tissue properties affect tissue–biomaterial interactions and to examine whether the same material performs distinctly when applied to different tissue surfaces within the same organ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Tissue Microenvironmental Conditions Modulate Adhesive Material Performance

et al. 2012

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We designed and optimized tissue-responsive adhesive materials by matching material and tissue properties. A two-component material based on dextran aldehyde and dendrimer amine provides a cohesive gel through aldehyde–amine cross-linking and an adhesive interface created by a dextran aldehyde-selective reaction with tissue amines. By altering aldehyde–amine chemistry, we examined how variations in tissue surfaces (serosal amine density in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) affect interactions with adhesive materials of varied compositions (aldehyde content). Interestingly, the same adhesive formulation reacts differentially with the three regions of the small intestine as a result of variation in the tissue amine density along the intestinal tract, affecting the tissue–material interfacial morphology, adhesion strength, and adhesive mechanical properties. Whereas tissues provide chemical anchors for interaction with materials, we were able to tune the adhesion strength for each section of the small intestine tissue by altering the adhesive formulation using a two-component material with flexible variables aimed at controlling the aldehyde/amine ratio. This tissue-specific approach should be applied to the broad spectrum of biomaterials, taking into account specific microenvironmental conditions in material design.

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Untitled

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Differential biomechanical properties of mouse distal colon and rectum innervated by the splanchnic and pelvic afferents

Differential biomechanical properties of mouse distal colon and rectum innervated by the splanchnic and pelvic afferents

The Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of the Colon and Rectum I: Experimental Evidence

Natural Tissue Microenvironmental Conditions Modulate Adhesive Material Performance

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