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Abstract

Eucheuma serra agglutinin (ESA) derived from a marine red alga, Eucheuma serra, is a lectin that specifically binds to mannose-rich carbohydrate chains. ESA is a monomeric molecule, with a molecular weight of29,000. ESA induced cell death against several cancer cell lines, such as colon cancer Colo201 cells and cervix cancer HeLa cells. DNA ladder detection and the induction of caspase-3 activity suggested that the cell death induced by ESA against cancer cells was apoptosis. ESA bound to the cell surface of Colo201 cells in the sugar chain dependent manner. This means that the binding of ESA to the cell surface is specific for mannose-rich sugar chains recognized by ESA. The binding of ESA to the cell surface of Colo201 cells was slightly suppressed by the high concentrations of serum because of the competition with serum components possessing the mannose-rich sugar chain motifs. On the other hand, a lipid vesicle is a very useful microcapsule constructed by multilamellar structure,and adopted as drug or gene carrier. ESA was immobilized on the surface of the lipid vesicles to apply the lipid vesicles to cancer specific drug delivery system. ESA-immobilized lipid vesicles were effectively bound to cancer cell lines compared with plane vesicles.

Active Targeting to Osteosarcoma Cells and Apoptotic Cell Death Induction by the Novel Lectin Eucheuma serra Agglutinin Isolated from a Marine Red Alga

“…As shown previously [4], ESA hardly binds to normal cells. If ESA-FITC binding to cells occurs, a rightward shift of the flow cyotometric curve is expected.…”

“…Previously, we have already demonstrated that ESA induces apoptosis in carcinoma cells [4]. The findings presented above about the inhibition of sarcoma cell proliferation (see Section 3.1.)…”

“…Previously, we found that the novel lectin Eucheuma serra agglutinin (ESA), which was successfully isolated by Kawakubo et al [3] from the marine red alga Eucheuma serra , specifically binds to carcinoma cell lines of human adenocarcinoma, human cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and marine adenocarcinoma but not to normal human fibroblasts or lymphocytes [4]. We also revealed, that the specific binding of ESA to carcinoma cells is based on specific interactions between ESA and the unique sugar chains of high mannose type on the surface of the carcinoma cells [4].…”

“…We also revealed, that the specific binding of ESA to carcinoma cells is based on specific interactions between ESA and the unique sugar chains of high mannose type on the surface of the carcinoma cells [4]. In a more recent study, Hori et al [5] investigated the specific interactions between ESA and various unique sugar chains of high mannose type in detail.…”

Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials by atmospheric microplasma

“…Such a diameter of a particle of the carbon mesocell is uniformly controlled to 400 nm or less, the carbon mesocell can also be expected as a biotechnological material to replace the spherical endoplasmic reticulum [8] of pinpoint delivery. Furthermore, if several microns comparatively big carbon mesocells are manufactured, it is considered that it can be used as a lubricous material in the tribology, and that fullerence is very small and less effective.…”