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Chen, Yan; Guo, Liping; Patel, S.; Shaw, D.T.

doi:10.1023/a:1004889500361

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The CNTs strongly interacted with the electric field and become increasingly laterally dispersed by up to 20 µm in some cases, though little alignment was evident. The similarly wide distribution of catalyst particles would also suggest that the catalyst also interacts strongly with the field and that tip growth is ultimately preferential, supporting the posits of Chen et al [35]. T-CVD synthesis was then undertaken with a horizontal bias (~2 V/µm) applied during growth.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

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Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Cole

Milne

2013

Materials

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A plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition reactor has been developed to synthesis horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes. The width of the aligning sheath was modelled based on a collisionless, quasi-neutral, Child’s law ion sheath where these estimates were empirically validated by direct Langmuir probe measurements, thereby confirming the proposed reactors ability to extend the existing sheath fields by up to 7 mm. A 7 mbar growth atmosphere combined with a 25 W plasma permitted the concurrent growth and alignment of carbon nanotubes with electric fields of the order of 0.04 V μm−1 with linear packing densities of up to ~5 × 104 cm−1. These results open up the potential for multi-directional in situ alignment of carbon nanotubes providing one viable route to the fabrication of many novel optoelectronic devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Few comprehensive attempts have been made in the literature to explain the orientation mechanism involved. Chen et al [35] proposed a so-called “kite mechanism”. Here the catalyst particle, located at the nanotube apex, is drawn in the direction of the prevailing electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Cole

Milne

2013

Materials

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“…66,70,89 The sidewall deposition of carbon films was first reported by Chen et al in a high temperature, high pressure, hot filament PECVD process. 87 They observed formation of conical structures, shown in Fig. 25, which had graphitic carbon branches due to sidewall deposition during growth.…”

Section: In Situ Pecvd Coatings and Surface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some degree of sidewall deposition is practically unavoidable in PECVD processes involving high aspect ratio structures, thus minimizing sidewall deposition requires significant effort if clean, graphitic surfaces are desired. There are essentially two types of thin films that get deposited on carbon nanostructure sidewalls: ͑1͒ carbon films from the source gas, 67,68,87,88 as mentioned in Sec. II C 3 and ͑2͒ compounds of redeposited substrate material, for instance silicon, which can react with the nitrogen from the ammonia etchant gas to form Si x N y coatings on the surface.…”

Section: In Situ Pecvd Coatings and Surface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization and functionalization of carbon nanofibers

Klein¹,

Melechko²,

McKnight³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

163

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Carbon nanofibers are high-aspect ratio graphitic materials that have been investigated for numerous applications due to their unique physical properties such as high strength, low density, metallic conductivity, tunable morphology, chemical and environmental stabilities, as well as compatibility with organochemical modification. Surface studies are extremely important for nanomaterials because not only is the surface structurally and chemically quite different from the bulk, but its properties tend to dominate at the nanoscale due to the drastically increased surface-to-volume ratio. This review surveys recent developments in surface analysis techniques used to characterize the surface structure and chemistry of carbon nanofibers and related carbon materials. These techniques include scanning probe microscopy, infrared and electron spectroscopies, electron microscopy, ion spectrometry, temperature-programed desorption, and atom probe analysis. In addition, this article evaluates the methods used to modify the surface of carbon nanofibers in order to enhance their functionality to perform across an exceedingly diverse application space.

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“…The sample was negatively biased relative to the cathode in the range 25-40 V. This allowed extracting a constant ionic beam that impinged the surface of the sample. The literature provides some other references of similar set up for carbon film growth [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. It was shown elsewhere that the nature and the morphology of the nanostructures either grown or redeposited after sputtering and etching was strongly affected by the ammonia concentration in the gas mixture, by the nature, the thickness and the mode of deposition of the TM (either Fe or Co) [33].…”

Section: Graphitic Carbon Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the field emission properties of aligned carbon nanostructures films, from carbon nanotubes to diamond

Normand

Cojocaru

Fleaca

et al. 2007

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. The electron field emission properties of different graphitic and diamond-like nanostructures films are compared. They are prepared in the same CVD chamber on SiO2/Si(100) and Si(100) flat surfaces, respectively. These nanostructures are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron emission (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Films of dense aligned carbon nanotubes by far display the lowest threshold fields around few V/µm and the largest emission currents. Carbon nanofibers, with platelet arrangement of the graphitic planes parallel to the substrate, exhibit higher emission thresholds around 10 V/µm. Diamond nanostructures, either modified through ammonia incorporation within the gas phase or not, exhibit the largest emission threshold around 25 V/µm. The high enhancement factors, deduced from the Fowler-Nordheim plots, can explain the low emission thresholds whereas limitations to the electron transport ever occur through different processes (i) surface modifications of the surface, as the transformation of the SiO2 barrier layer into SiNx in the presence of ammonia evidenced by XPS; (ii) different orientation of the graphitic basal planes relative to the direction of electron transport (carbon nanofiber) and (iii) presence of a graphitic nest at the interface of the carbon nanostructure and the substrate, observed when catalyst is deposited through mild evaporation.

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Untitled

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition of Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Surface characterization and functionalization of carbon nanofibers

A comparative study of the field emission properties of aligned carbon nanostructures films, from carbon nanotubes to diamond

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