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Tol, Richard S.J.; Langen, Andreas

doi:10.1023/a:1005655412478

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Regionally, the drought in our record is consistent with evidence of lower lake levels in part of northwest Russia (Kremenetski et al, 2004) and a lower-than-mean water table in a bog in southwest Finland (Väliranta et al, 2007), which dates to medieval time. In Central Europe, early documentary evidence suggests that dry summers may have prevailed between A.D. 1000 and 1300 (Lamb, 1965;Alexandre, 1987;Tol and Langen, 2000). The twelfth and thirteenth centuries are known to have had dry summers in England and Wales (Lamb, 1965) as well as in central Spain (Benito et al, 2003), though the winters in these regions may actually have been wet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicentennial megadrought in northern Europe coincided with a global El Niño–Southern Oscillation drought pattern during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Helama

Meriläinen

Tuomenvirta

2009

Geology

120

111

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The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a pacemaker of global climate, and the accurate prediction of future climate change requires an understanding of the ENSO variability. Recently, much-debated aspects of the ENSO have included its long-term past and future changes and its associations with the North Atlantic and European sectors, potentially in interaction with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Here we present the fi rst European dendroclimatic precipitation reconstruction that extends through the alternating climate phases of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. We show that northern Europe underwent a severe precipitation defi cit during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, which was synchronous with droughts in various ENSO-sensitive regions worldwide, while the subsequent centuries during the Little Ice Age were markedly wetter. We attribute this drought primarily to an interaction between the ENSO and the North Atlantic Oscillation, and to a lesser (or negligible) degree to an interaction between the ENSO and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.on June 6, 2015 geology.gsapubs.org Downloaded from

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicentennial megadrought in northern Europe coincided with a global El Niño–Southern Oscillation drought pattern during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Helama

Meriläinen

Tuomenvirta

2009

Geology

120

111

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“…The smaller number of marks in the twentieth century compared to the previous two centuries is in line with the absence of destructive flood disasters in recent times (e.g. Tol and Langen, 2000). Many flood marks occur in the downstream part of the study area in between the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The last flood of the Rhine that inundated a significant part of the Netherlands dates back to 1861 (e.g. van de Ven et al, 1995;Tol and Langen, 2000;van Heezik, 2007). The largest flood in the instrumental record, in 1926, inundated a relatively small area as Rhine river dikes in the central delta did not breach.…”

Section: Flood Marks On Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest changes to the river channels that affected flow dynamics occurred in the nineteenth century, during the process of normalisation (e.g Kalweit et al, 1993;van Heezik, 2007;Hudson et al, 2008), while the largest changes to the floodplain that affected flow patterns occurred much earlier, in medieval times when the first embankments were constructed (e.g. Tol and Langen, 2000;Hesselink, 2002).…”

Section: Landscape Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the Holocene, Lower Rhine floods have left scattered geological and geomorphological traces in the landscape (Gouw and Minderhoud et al, 2016;Pierik et al, 2017;Willemse, 2019). In historic times, large floods were a recurring threat for the inhabitants of the area (Tol and Langen, 2000), and at present, considerable resources are dedicated to develop and maintain flood protection structures. A major challenge lies in determining appropriate safety standards for river management works and underlying magnitude-frequency relationships of extreme events (Hegnauer et al, 2014;van Alphen, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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River flood reconstruction in the Lower Rhine valley and delta

Meulen¹

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Preface 1 10 out. Gerben Zielman -thank you especially for giving me the opportunity to collaborate with you on the Jansbeek report. Jürgen Herget -thank you for guiding me through the upstream part of my study area. The trip around Bonn and Cologne was a wonderful experience and on top of that greatly increased my familiarity with the region. Livio Ronchi -I visited you in Padova multiple times after supervising the student fieldwork, which made the yearly trip to Italy even more fun. Jasper Candel, Hessel Woolderink, and many others -thank you for the good times at the various conferences where we ran into each other. Thinking back brings up many nice memories of dinners, drinks, and, of course, insightful discussions.Besides doing research, I spent a lot of time on teaching, including numerous courses, excursions, and fieldworks. In particular, I enjoyed supervising students and cooperating with them during their research projects, whether BSc honours project, BSc thesis, MSc guided research, MSc thesis, or bright minds assistantship. Tessa Deggeller, Roy Dierx, Yorick Fredrix, Liam Hall, Silke Meijdam, Jelle Olthuis, Jari Wouters, and Jip Zinsmeister -thank you for your efforts, your enthusiasm, and the in-depth discussions on your respective subjects. Each of you worked on an innovative topic and produced interesting results, some of which found their way into my thesis. Jip -I wish you the best of luck with your PhD in Leuven on floodplain evolution.Without naming everyone, I want to acknowledge all my (former) colleagues at the department of Physical Geography. Maarten Zeylmans -I am grateful for the extensive help with GIS and for the opportunity to provide guest lectures in your MSc course. Harm Jan Pierik -the landscape reconstruction aspects of my research benefited from your input. Furthermore, I enjoyed sharing an apartment with you during the INQUA congress in Dublin. Maarten Kleinhans, Menno Straatsma, Esther Stouthamer, Wim Hoek, and several others -thank you for checking in with me at times despite not being directly involved in the project. It is nice to experience some support during the often individualistic PhD trajectory. Most of all, I acknowledge my fellow PhD candidates, who provided distraction and focus, and sometimes both at the same time. Thank you for being there -

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Swiss tree rings reveal warm and wet summers during medieval times

Kress

Hangartner

Bugmann

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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We present a 1200 year drought reconstruction for the European Alpine region based on carbon isotope variations of tree rings from living larch trees and historic timber. The carbon isotope fractionation at the study site is sensitive to summer precipitation, temperature, and irradiance, resulting in a stable and high correlation with a drought index for interannual to decadal frequencies and possibly beyond (r 2 = 0.58 for 1901-2004, July/August). When combining this information with maximum latewood density-derived summer temperature, a strongly reduced occurrence of summer droughts during the warm A.D. 900-1200 period is evident, coinciding with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), with a shift to colder and drier conditions for the subsequent centuries. The warm-wet MCA contrasts strongly with the climate of the drought-prone warm phase of the recent decades, indicating different forcing mechanism for these two warm periods and pointing to beneficial conditions for agriculture and human well-being during the MCA in this region.

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Cited by 50 publications

References 1 publication

Multicentennial megadrought in northern Europe coincided with a global El Niño–Southern Oscillation drought pattern during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Multicentennial megadrought in northern Europe coincided with a global El Niño–Southern Oscillation drought pattern during the Medieval Climate Anomaly

River flood reconstruction in the Lower Rhine valley and delta

Swiss tree rings reveal warm and wet summers during medieval times

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