96-Well Microtiter Plate Made of Paper: A Printed Chemosensor Array for Quantitative Detection of Saccharides

Abstract

Simple, rapid, and accurate detection methods for saccharides are potentially applicable to various fields such as clinical and food chemistry. However, the practical applications of on-site analytical methods are still limited. To this end, herein, we propose a 96-well microtiter plate made of paper as a paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) for the simultaneous classification of 12 saccharides and the quantification of fructose and glucose among 12 saccharides. The mechanism of the saccharide detection relied on an indicator displacement assay (IDA) on the PCSAD using four types of catechol dyes, 3nitrophenylboronic acid, and the saccharides. The design of the PCSAD and the experimental conditions for the IDA were optimized using a central composite design. The chemosensors exhibited clear color changes upon the addition of saccharides on the paper because of the competitive boronate esterification. The color changes were employed for the subsequent qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analyses using an automated algorithm combined with pattern recognition for digital images. A qualitative linear discrimination analysis offered discrimination of 12 saccharides with a 100% classification rate. The semiquantitative analysis of fructose in the presence of glucose was carried out from the viewpoint of food analysis utilizing a support vector machine, resulting in clear discrimination of the various concentrations of fructose. Most importantly, the quantitative detection of fructose in two types of commercial soft drinks was also successfully carried out without sample pretreatments. Thus, the proposed PCSAD can be a powerful method for on-site food analyses that can meet the increasing demand from consumers for sensors of saccharides.

Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristic Extraction and Qualitative Analysis Method for Complex Multi-Component Mixtures Based on TRPCA-SVM

“…The single-component quantitative detection technology of substances is mature, such as in the direct measurement of electrochemical sensors and the use of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to establish quantitative models [1][2][3][4]. Currently, multicomponent quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex systems has become the focus of research.…”

pH-Regulated H4TCPE@Eu/AMP ICP Sensor Array and Its Fingerprinting on Test Papers: Toward Point-of-Use Systematic Analysis of Environmental Antibiotics

“…Hence, the high-throughput recognition and systematic analysis for environmental antibiotics remain a big challenge. Chemical tongues consist of various fluorometry sensing elements, which were considered as an effective approach. − The unique fingerprinting pattern stemmed from statistical methods, for example, principal component analysis (PCA), eventually enabled the identification and discrimination of coexisting antibiotics. , Although some progress has been made, to achieve the point-of-use systematic analysis of environmental antibiotics, key issues need to be addressed. First of all, currently, almost all of the reported sensing elements in the sensor arrays constructed so far work by single response from individual fluorescent nanomaterials, especially luminescent carbon dots (CDs), the reliability of which are easily influenced by complex environmental matrices.…”

Toward Food Freshness Monitoring: Coordination Binding–Based Colorimetric Sensor Array for Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids

“…However, these chemosensors require complicated synthetic processes (Yang et al, 2011;Song et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2018), which limit their practical usage in real-world scenarios. Chemosensor arrays by supramolecular interactions with pattern recognition can avoid the synthetic processes and simultaneously quantify multiple analytes (Cao et al, 2020;Sasaki et al, 2021a;Sasaki et al, 2021b;Lyu et al, 2021). To the best of our knowledge, the development of a colorimetric sensor array using only a combination of off-the-shelf reagents for simultaneous SCAA detection has not yet been reported.…”