9. Blood osmoregulation and temperature in crustaceans

Comparison of hardness- and chloride-regulated acute effects of sodium sulfate on two freshwater crustaceans

“…Hyalella appears to require a minimal amount of chloride for effective osmoregulation at high sodium sulfate concentrations. Although there are several different osmoregulatory strategies used by freshwater organisms, most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium, and this is achieved by active transport of ions into the hemolymph [16–19]. The principal inorganic anion of crustacean hemolymph is chloride, and it has been suggested that low chloride concentrations may limit the distribution of at least one euryhaline amphipod ( Corophium curvispinum ) in freshwaters [20].…”

“…Specifically, whereas the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for C. dubia in two diluents with different chloride concentrations and Ca:Mg ratios ranged from 2,050 to 2,526 mg SO 2− 4 /L, the LC50s for H. azteca in the same two diluents were 512 and 2,855 mg SO 2− 4 /L, respectively [14]. Freshwater organisms use several different osmoregulatory strategies, but most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium; this is achieved by active transport of ions, principally chloride, into the hemolymph (see [16–19]). However, even among amphipods, there is a wide range of sodium and chloride influx rates and integument permeabilities, which determine osmoregulatory effectiveness [20,21], so the ionic composition of water may regulate to varying degrees the response of different species to high levels of sodium sulfate.…”

Comparison of hardness- and chloride-regulated acute effects of sodium sulfate on two freshwater crustaceans

“…Hyalella appears to require a minimal amount of chloride for effective osmoregulation at high sodium sulfate concentrations. Although there are several different osmoregulatory strategies used by freshwater organisms, most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium, and this is achieved by active transport of ions into the hemolymph [16–19]. The principal inorganic anion of crustacean hemolymph is chloride, and it has been suggested that low chloride concentrations may limit the distribution of at least one euryhaline amphipod ( Corophium curvispinum ) in freshwaters [20].…”

“…Specifically, whereas the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for C. dubia in two diluents with different chloride concentrations and Ca:Mg ratios ranged from 2,050 to 2,526 mg SO 2− 4 /L, the LC50s for H. azteca in the same two diluents were 512 and 2,855 mg SO 2− 4 /L, respectively [14]. Freshwater organisms use several different osmoregulatory strategies, but most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium; this is achieved by active transport of ions, principally chloride, into the hemolymph (see [16–19]). However, even among amphipods, there is a wide range of sodium and chloride influx rates and integument permeabilities, which determine osmoregulatory effectiveness [20,21], so the ionic composition of water may regulate to varying degrees the response of different species to high levels of sodium sulfate.…”

Comparison of hardness- and chloride-regulated acute effects of sodium sulfate on two freshwater crustaceans

“…Hyalella appears to require a minimal amount of chloride for effective osmoregulation at high sodium sulfate concentrations. Although there are several different osmoregulatory strategies used by freshwater organisms, most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium, and this is achieved by active transport of ions into the hemolymph [16–19]. The principal inorganic anion of crustacean hemolymph is chloride, and it has been suggested that low chloride concentrations may limit the distribution of at least one euryhaline amphipod ( Corophium curvispinum ) in freshwaters [20].…”

“…Specifically, whereas the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for C. dubia in two diluents with different chloride concentrations and Ca:Mg ratios ranged from 2,050 to 2,526 mg SO 2− 4 /L, the LC50s for H. azteca in the same two diluents were 512 and 2,855 mg SO 2− 4 /L, respectively [14]. Freshwater organisms use several different osmoregulatory strategies, but most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium; this is achieved by active transport of ions, principally chloride, into the hemolymph (see [16–19]). However, even among amphipods, there is a wide range of sodium and chloride influx rates and integument permeabilities, which determine osmoregulatory effectiveness [20,21], so the ionic composition of water may regulate to varying degrees the response of different species to high levels of sodium sulfate.…”

Comparison of hardness- and chloride-regulated acute effects of sodium sulfate on two freshwater crustaceans

“…Hyalella appears to require a minimal amount of chloride for effective osmoregulation at high sodium sulfate concentrations. Although there are several different osmoregulatory strategies used by freshwater organisms, most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium, and this is achieved by active transport of ions into the hemolymph [16–19]. The principal inorganic anion of crustacean hemolymph is chloride, and it has been suggested that low chloride concentrations may limit the distribution of at least one euryhaline amphipod ( Corophium curvispinum ) in freshwaters [20].…”

“…Specifically, whereas the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for C. dubia in two diluents with different chloride concentrations and Ca:Mg ratios ranged from 2,050 to 2,526 mg SO 2− 4 /L, the LC50s for H. azteca in the same two diluents were 512 and 2,855 mg SO 2− 4 /L, respectively [14]. Freshwater organisms use several different osmoregulatory strategies, but most freshwater amphipods and daphnid cladocerans regulate hypertonically with respect to the surrounding medium; this is achieved by active transport of ions, principally chloride, into the hemolymph (see [16–19]). However, even among amphipods, there is a wide range of sodium and chloride influx rates and integument permeabilities, which determine osmoregulatory effectiveness [20,21], so the ionic composition of water may regulate to varying degrees the response of different species to high levels of sodium sulfate.…”