7S Fragment of Type IV Collagen as a Serum Marker of Canine Liver Fibrosis

Glińska-Suchocka, Kamila; Orłowska, Aleksandra; Kubiak, Krzysztof; Spużak, Jolanta; Jankowski, Marcin

doi:10.1515/pjvs-2016-0081

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Our study, as well as previously reported studies of liver biomarkers in dogs have enrolled relatively few dogs with cirrhosis. This is an important limitation because many biomarker studies in humans focus on distinguishing cirrhotic from non‐cirrhotic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In another study, serum hyaluronic acid concentrations were distinctly higher in dogs with stage 4 fibrosis, although statistical comparisons were not made . The same research group also reported significantly higher serum concentrations of type III procollagen aminopeptide (PIIINP) and a fragment of type IV collagen (PIVNP) in dogs with advanced liver fibrosis . However, these findings for hyaluronic acid and PIIINP could not be replicated in another study .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…47 The same research group also reported significantly higher serum concentrations of type III procollagen aminopeptide (PIIINP) and a fragment of type IV collagen (PIVNP) in dogs with advanced liver fibrosis. 48,49 However, these findings for hyaluronic acid and PIIINP could not be replicated in another study. 50 Two recent studies explored hepatocyte-derived micro-RNAs as markers of liver injury in Labrador retrievers at risk for CH, and found that circulating miR-122 was more sensitive than ALT in detecting histologic evidence of this breed-specific hepatopathy.…”

Section: Biomarker Datamentioning

confidence: 86%

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Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease

Raghu

Ekena

Cullen

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSerum interleukin 6 (IL‐6), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the ratio of aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) have been correlated with fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in humans with various hepatopathies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether increases in serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, or AST:ALT were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose‐bred dogs, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy.MethodsMeasurement of serum IL‐6, CCL2, CRP, AST, and ALT before scheduled liver biopsy and evaluation of liver histopathology using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation.ResultsMedian serum IL‐6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = .05). Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = .008), but with considerable overlap between groups. Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause of substantial variability among dogs, single measurements of IL‐6 and CCL2 have limited diagnostic utility for identifying fibrosis or necroinflammation, respectively, in dogs with various chronic liver diseases. The value of these biomarkers should be explored further in monitoring response to treatment in individual dogs with chronic hepatopathies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Biomarker Datamentioning

confidence: 86%

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Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease

Raghu

Ekena

Cullen

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…A number of molecules including collagen types I [87], III [88], and IV [89] are present in increased amounts in fibrotic livers. For example, the amount of type I collagen in fibrotic livers is increased from 36% to 53% compared to the normal liver [90]. The results of the studies using molecular imaging are exciting and the details are elaborated below.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Liver Fibrosis Using Molecular Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Fibrosis Conventional and Molecular Imaging Diagnosis Update

Li¹,

Sun²,

Chen³

et al. 2019

J Liver

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Liver fibrosis is a serious, life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality that result from diverse causes. Liver biopsy, considered the “gold standard” to diagnose, grade, and stage liver fibrosis, has limitations in terms of invasiveness, cost, sampling variability, inter-observer variability, and the dynamic process of fibrosis. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that all stages of fibrosis are reversible if the injury is removed. There is a clear need for safe, effective, and reliable non-invasive assessment modalities to determine liver fibrosis in order to manage it precisely in personalized medicine. However, conventional imaging methods used to assess morphological and structural changes related to liver fibrosis, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are only useful in assessing advanced liver disease, including cirrhosis. Functional imaging techniques, including MR elastography (MRE), US elastography, and CT perfusion are useful for assessing moderate to advanced liver fibrosis. MRE is considered the most accurate noninvasive imaging technique, and US elastography is currently the most widely used noninvasive means. However, these modalities are less accurate in early-stage liver fibrosis and some factors affect the accuracy of these techniques. Molecular imaging is a target-specific imaging mechanism that has the potential to accurately diagnose early-stage liver fibrosis. We provide an overview of recent advances in molecular imaging for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis which will enable clinicians to monitor the progression of disease and potentially reverse liver fibrosis. We compare the promising technologies with conventional and functional imaging and assess the utility of molecular imaging in precision and personalized clinical medicine in the early stages of liver fibrosis.

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“…Serum hyaluronic acid concentration is increased in dogs with hepatic disease, especially cirrhosis, and therefore holds some promise as a biomarker . Serum concentrations of TGFβ‐1, the 7S fragment of type IV collagen, and procollagen type III N‐terminal peptide also have been found to be increased in dogs with hepatic fibrosis. Another study did not find a positive correlation between hepatic fibrosis and serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid, procollagen type III N‐terminal peptide, or TIMP‐1 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hepatic Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Fibrosis in Dogs

Eulenberg

Lidbury

2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Hepatic fibrosis is commonly diagnosed in dogs, often as a sequela to chronic hepatitis (CH). The development of fibrosis is a crucial event in the progression of hepatic disease that is of prognostic value. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis in human patients and rodent models has been studied extensively. Although less is known about this process in dogs, evidence suggests that fibrogenic mechanisms are similar between species and that activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key step. Diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis in dogs requires histopathological examination of a liver biopsy specimen. However, performing a liver biopsy is invasive and assessment of fibrotic stage is complicated by the absence of a universally accepted staging scheme in veterinary medicine. Serum biomarkers that can discriminate among different fibrosis stages are used in human patients, but such markers must be more completely evaluated in dogs before clinical use. When successful treatment of its underlying cause is feasible, reversal of hepatic fibrosis has been shown to be possible in rodent models and human patients. Reversal of fibrosis has not been well documented in dogs, but successful treatment of CH is possible. In human medicine, better understanding of the pathomechanisms of hepatic fibrosis is leading to the development of novel treatment strategies. In time, these may be applied to dogs. This article comparatively reviews the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, and its treatment in dogs.

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7S Fragment of Type IV Collagen as a Serum Marker of Canine Liver Fibrosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease

Evaluation of potential serum biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in dogs with liver disease

Liver Fibrosis Conventional and Molecular Imaging Diagnosis Update

Hepatic Fibrosis in Dogs

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