5S rDNA chromosomal mapping and COI sequence analysis reveal differentiation among distinct populations of a characid fish Serrapinnus notomelas

Abstract

Cheirodontinae comprises a small-sized fish group with a wide geographical distribution throughout Central and South America, mainly in Brazilian Basins. The species Serrapinnus notomelas is widely distributed in the Upper Parana River Basin. In this work, chromosomal mapping of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was performed trough fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in speciemens from three distinct localities belonging to two basins in the São Paulo State. All populations presented 5S clusters in two chromosome pairs. One additional pair was detected in samples from the Rio Paraitinguinha (Tietê Basin), and two additional pairs were detected in the population from Córrego Campo Novo (Tietê Basin). Analyses with partial sequences of COI were performed to verify the interelationship among the studied specimens, revealing Córrego Campo Novo population as a sister-group to the clade formed by the two other populations. The samples from Rio Paraitinguinha and Recanto dos Cambarás presented two distinct haplotypes each, while five haplotypes were observed in the Córrego Campo Novo population, sugesting that this could be older than the other populations. None of the nine haplotypes were shared among the three populations. The similarities and differences observed among the three populations using cytogenetic data and COI analysis are not related to geographic distances that separate the samples, suggesting that the origin of the Rio Paraitinguinha and Recanto dos Cambarás populations may be related to faunal exchanges. Additionally, the present data suggest that the analyzed populations of S. notomelas may be on independent evolutionary trajectories but in a very initial diversification stage. Moreover, the use of integrative information, such as molecular and chromosomal data in the analysis of population divergence and evolutionary trajectories in freshwater fishes is reinforced.

Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNA and Cytochrome C Oxidase I Sequence Analysis Reveal Differentiation among Sympatric Samples of <b><i>Astyanax</i></b><b><i>fasciatus</i></b> (Characiformes, Characidae)

“…This approach allows the identification of major and specific chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during the evolution of these groups, as well as the elaboration of phylogeographic hypotheses for species/karyomorphs [Kavalco et al, 2011;Mariguela et al, 2011]. In this study, COI gene sequences showed 2 structured lineages of A .…”

First description of the karyotype and localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler, 1911 (Characiformes, Characidae) from Ecuador

“…The presence of a single major rDNA cluster is the most common feature observed in fishes (Martins and Galetti 2001, Arai 2011). Although multiple 5S rDNA sites have been observed in a few species, such as Astyanax scabripinnis (Ferro et al 2001) and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (Diniz and Bertollo 2003) the occurrence of single minor rDNA cluster close to centromeres is the most common feature in fish chromosomes (Martins and Galetti 2001, Mariguela et al 2011) and it has been suggested that this position would be optimal for its organization in fish, since it has been recorder in most species of several orders (Martins and Wasko 2004). …”

“…Cytogenetic information is not available for Spintherobolus and in species of Clade A (Guimarães et al 1995, Krinski et al 2008, Pazian et al 2012, Piscor et al 2013) and Clade B (Martins-Santos and Tavares 1986, Souza et al 1995, Alberdi and Fenocchio 1997, Mariguela et al 2011) karyotypes do not show the big metacentric pair observed in Rhoadsia altipinna . On the contrary, all the Characidae species belonging to Clade C are characterized by the presence of the first large metacentric chromosome pair as shown by many reports on Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 (Carvalho et al 2002), Oligosarcus Günther, 1864 (Shuhei et al 2007), Hollandichthys Eigenmann, 1910 (Carvalho et al 2002), Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Arefjev 1990), Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Foresti et al 1989), Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Arefjev 1990, Carvalho et al 2002, Mendes et al 2011), among others.…”