“…While moderate inflammation may be beneficial to pregnancy, excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is harmful and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, preterm birth (PTB) and preeclampsia (PE) (Redman and Sargent, 2004, Wei et al, 2010, Calleja-Agius et al, 2012. During placentation fetal trophoblasts form the growing placenta and invade the maternal uterine wall, interacting with maternal cells and modifying the uterine vasculature.…”