5 Untranslated Region (5 UTR)

Abstract

Definition B1-B9 is the original designation of nine seratonincontaining cell groups visualized in the brainstem by the use of fluorescent histochemical methods. Some of these serotonergic groups project caudally to the spinal cord and others rostrally to different parts of the forebrain. Balance Laws 333 B ▶Baroreceptor ▶Blood Volume Regulation ▶Homeostasis ▶Sympathetic Pathways ▶Vagus Nerve Synonyms Barrel field cortex; Posteromedial barrel subfield; PMBSF Barrel Cortex 337B Definition Barrel Cortex. Figure 1 Three ascending pathways relaying touch-related information from the whiskers to the barrel field cortex and neighboring cortical areas (PrV: principal trigeminal nucleus, SpVi: interpolaris division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, VPM dm: dorso-medial division of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, VPM vl: ventro-lateral division of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, POm: medial division of the posterior nucleus, Dys: dysgranular cortex, S II: secondary somatosensory cortex) Inset: Layer IV barrels in barrel field cortex replicate the spatial arrangement of whiskers on the face (cytochrome oxidase staining). Only the major projections are indicated.Barrel Cortex 339 B B Basal Ganglia 343 B 2. Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR (1997) A neural substrate of prediction and reward. [Rev] [37 refs]. Science 275:1593-1599 3. Haber SN, Fudge JL, McFarland NR (2000) Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum. J Neurosci 20(6):2369-2382 4. Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2005) Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nat Neurosci 8(11): DefinitionThe basal ganglia consist of four prominent nuclei, which are interposed between the cerebral cortex and the lower centers of the brain stem and spinal cord. These nuclei include the: References B 4. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD (1990) Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 13:266-271 5. Kita K (1993) GABAergic circuits of the striatum, In: Arbuthnott GW, Emson PC (eds) Chemical signalling in the basal ganglia. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 51-72 6. Nambu A, Tokuno H, Takada M (2002) Functional significance of the cortico-subthalamo-pallidal 'hyperdirect' pathway. Neurosci Res 43:111-117 7. Graybiel AM (1990) Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 13:244-254