4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)

Lund, Henrik; Werner, Sven; Wiltshire, Robin; Svendsen, Svend; Thorsen, Jan Eric; Hvelplund, Frede; Mathiesen, Brian Vad

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.089

Cited by 1,679 publications

(602 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The placement of the heat pump in systems B, C1 and C2, before the DH heat exchanger, will lead to an increased return temperature for the DH, which is not optimal for the performance of the DH plant. With low-temperature heating, one possibility, beside low-temperature district heating [17], would be to heat the house with the DH return temperature instead of the supply, thus lowering the return temperature rather than increasing it. This will be investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving the energy performance of a house can also have positive effects on the indoor climate [15] and increase the value of the building [16]. Future district heating systems are likely to have a lower distribution temperature, 50 -60 °C rather than today's 70 -90 °C [17][18][19][20], to meet the needs of new and renovated buildings with low heating demand. As a result, the district heating temperature will also be better suited for low-temperature heating systems, such as floor heating or low-temperature radiators, with distribution temperatures of 35 -45 °C [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-economic analysis of energy renovation measures for a district heated multi-family house

Gustafsson

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Energy

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Techno-economic analysis of energy renovation measures for a district heated multi-family house.Applied Energy, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy. 2016.05.104 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. AbstractRenovation of existing buildings is important in the work towards increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. The present paper treats energy renovation measures for a Swedish district heated multi-family house, evaluated through dynamic simulation. Insulation of roof and façade, better insulating windows and flow-reducing water taps, in combination with different HVAC systems for recovery of heat from exhaust air, were assessed in terms of life cycle cost, discounted payback period, primary energy consumption, CO₂ emissions and non-renewable energy consumption. The HVAC systems were based on the existing district heating substation and included mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and different configurations of exhaust air heat pump.Compared to a renovation without energy saving measures, the combination of new windows, insulation, flow-reducing taps and an exhaust air a heat pump gave up to 24% lower life cycle cost. Adding insulation on roof and façade, the primary energy consumption was reduced by up to 58%, CO₂ emissions up to 65% and non-renewable energy consumption up to 56%. Ventilation with heat recovery also reduced the environmental impact but was not economically profitable in the studied cases. With a margin perspective on electricity consumption, the environmental impact of installing heat pumps or air heat recovery in district heated houses is increased. Low-temperature heating improved the seasonal performance factor of the heat pump by up to 11% and reduced the environmental impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of energy renovation measures for a district heated multi-family house

Gustafsson

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Energy

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“…In their definition, as given by Lund et al [1], the networks' control is perceived as an important point that can improve the thermal networks' operation and efficiency substantially, as is also shown in detail by Vandermeulen et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical benchmark for bypass controllers in a residential district heating network

Vandermeulen

Heijde

Patteeuw

et al. 2018

Energy

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Bypass valves in district heating substations are a compromise between efficiency and quality of service. On the one hand, they are required to ensure that each building (no matter the distance to the heat source) has warm water within an acceptable time. On the other hand, they form a short-circuit between the warm supply and cold return line and their use can increase the return temperature substantially. Therefore, a good control of these bypass valves is critical to limit the drawback of their use. In this context, this paper compares two commonly used control strategies (manual control and thermostat control) to a new theoretical benchmark that provides an upper boundary for the performance of bypass controllers. This theoretical benchmark ensures a justin-time delivery of warm water by taking into account time delays in the network. In a simulation case study of a small neighbourhood in Genk, Belgium, the benchmark shows that substantial improvement regarding bypass control is possible.

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“…But achieving this can be a complex task and may require certain smart energy management techniques [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Optimization Model for Holistic Multiobjective District Energy Management - A Case Study Approach

Jayan¹,

Li²,

Rezgui³

et al. 2016

IJMO

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Abstract-Efficient management during the operational phase of district energy systems has become increasingly complex due to the various static and dynamic factors involved. Existing deterministic algorithms which are largely based on human experience acquired from specific domains, normally fail to consider the overall efficiency of district energy systems in a holistic way. This paper looks into taking a black box approach by using genetic algorithms (GA) to solve a multiobjectiveoptimization problem conforming to economic, environmental and efficiency standards. This holistic optimization model, takes into account both heat and electricity demand profiles, and was applied in Ebbw Vale district, in Wales. The model helps compute optimized daily schedules for the generation mix in the district and different operational strategies are analyzed using deterministic and genetic algorithm (GA) based combined optimization methods. The results evidence that GA can be used to define an optimum strategy behind heat production leading to an increase in profit by 32% and reduction in CO 2 emissions by 36% in the 24 hour period analyzed. This research fits in well with future district energy systems which give priority to integrated and systematic management.Index Terms-Analytical model, district energy management, energy efficiency, genetic algorithms, multiobjective optimization.

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4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)

Cited by 1,679 publications

References 54 publications

Techno-economic analysis of energy renovation measures for a district heated multi-family house

Techno-economic analysis of energy renovation measures for a district heated multi-family house

A theoretical benchmark for bypass controllers in a residential district heating network

An Analytical Optimization Model for Holistic Multiobjective District Energy Management - A Case Study Approach

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