49 mW of cw blue light generated by first-order quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling of a diode-pumped 946-nm Nd:YAG laser

Pruneri, Valerio; Koch, R.; Kazansky, Peter G.; Clarkson, W.A.; Russell, P. St. J.; Hanna, D.C.

doi:10.1364/ol.20.002375

Cited by 86 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…SHG results for infrared to visible/blue light have been reported in all of the above electric field periodically poled nonlinear crystals, [1][2][3] and high efficiencies have been achieved for PPLN in both bulk 4 and waveguide geometries. 5 For the shortest wavelength SHG achievable in lithium niobate first order quasi-phase-matching requires periods of ϳ2 m, and it is experimentally very difficult to achieve such high aspect ratios in bulk poled material of typical thicknesses ϳ500 m. The high coercive field required for domain inversion, together with the inherent nonuniformities and defects present in commercially available materials, restrict the routine applicability of electric field poling to periods of the order of Ͼ4 -5 m in samples of this thickness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

Busacca

Sones

Eason

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate efficient first-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a surface periodically poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguide; 6 mW of continuous-wave blue radiation ͑ ϭ412.6 nm͒ was produced showing the potential of surface domain inversion for efficient nonlinear waveguide interactions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1758776͔ Efficient generation of coherent blue light is of immediate importance for the development of numerous applications in areas such as displays, optical data storage and printing, and nonlinear frequency conversion achieved by quasiphase-matched ͑QPM͒ interaction remains an attractive route for realizing such devices. QPM requires precise control of periodic domain inversion, with periods that can be as small as ϳ2 m for first order conversion via second harmonic generation ͑SHG͒ from the near-IR into the blue spectral region. Nonlinear crystals such as LiTaO 3 , LiNbO 3 , and KTP have been the most commonly used materials for quasiphase-matching, the choice between them reflecting their respective availability, cost, ease of domain inversion, range of optical transparency and value of nonlinear optical coefficient. Periodically poled lithium niobate ͑PPLN͒ however is perhaps the most researched and understood material, and references to PPLN outstrip those on either PPLT or PPKTP by almost an order of magnitude.SHG results for infrared to visible/blue light have been reported in all of the above electric field periodically poled nonlinear crystals, 1-3 and high efficiencies have been achieved for PPLN in both bulk 4 and waveguide geometries. 5 For the shortest wavelength SHG achievable in lithium niobate first order quasi-phase-matching requires periods of ϳ2 m, and it is experimentally very difficult to achieve such high aspect ratios in bulk poled material of typical thicknesses ϳ500 m. The high coercive field required for domain inversion, together with the inherent nonuniformities and defects present in commercially available materials, restrict the routine applicability of electric field poling to periods of the order of Ͼ4 -5 m in samples of this thickness. To circumvent this problem, different techniques such as controlled spontaneous backswitching 6 and the use of multiple short current pulses 7 have been successfully used to generate periods of the order of 2.2-3.0 m in bulk and waveguide geometries, respectively. The aim of the work reported in this letter is to demonstrate the utility of the recently investigated surface poling technique for waveguide geometries for which domain inversion is only required to depths of waveguide dimensions. We have previously demonstrated this technique 8,9 for the fabrication of short period ͑ϳ1 m͒ periodic domain structures in one and two dimensions, and we now report its first implementation in firstorder quasi-phase-matched SHG in waveguide structures.

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

Busacca

Sones

Eason

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Several techniques have been studied in recent years to obtain domain inversion in ferroelectric crystals, mainly for nonlinear quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion. These techniques include for example electron-beam poling, [58,59] electric-field poling, [24][25][26] and high-voltage atomic force microscope [60]. Among those, electric field poling is a powerful and simple technique usually employed for fabricating periodic domain structures in ferroelectric crystals.…”

Section: Micro-engineering Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domain inversion (DI) in ferroelectrics, as LiNbO 3 , has been widely exploited in all-optical processes, from quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation to optical parametric oscillation and WDM frequency conversion [24][25][26][27]. So far its use in electro-optics, has been mostly limited to quasi-velocitymatching devices using periodic structures [19,28] or to achieve a desired chirp value for high-frequency and broadband modulators [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐structured integrated electro‐optic LiNbO₃ modulators

Janner¹,

Tulli

Garcia-Granda

et al. 2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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151

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In this paper, we will review the state-of-the-art of LiNbO3 based integrated electro-optic modulators and will show how micro-structuring techniques such as etching, domain inversion and thin film processing can be used to realize new configurations which can take the performance to unprecedented levels. In particular, we will review recent results on the use of domain inversion on a micron scale and we report on the fabrication of a chirp-free modulator having ∼ 2 V switching voltage and bandwidth of 15 GHz designed by placing the waveguide arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in opposite domain oriented regions. We also review some of the new modulation formats (e.g. DQPSK) that can represent an application development of the presented micro-structured devices. Finally, we address the issue of the integration of the modulator chip in a transmitter board comprising tunable laser, bias-control electronics and RF driver. The requirements of integration can even push further the reduction in size of modulator chips, thus making more crucial the use of micro-and nano-structuring techniques.Mach-Zehnder modulator exploiting domain inversion for ultralow voltage operation.

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“…Usually, when only few tens of mW green power are needed from a watt-level laser source, a single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) is a convenient solution. However, SHG efficiencies reported in the literature are limited to few percent [8]. When much higher harmonic power is required with the same low IR optical power, intra-cavity SHG process is commonly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient third harmonic generation of a CW-fibered 1.5 µm laser diode

et al. 2016

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We report on frequency tripling of CW-Telecom laser diode using two cascaded PPLN ridge nonlinear crystals, both used in single-pass configuration. All optical components used for this development are fibered, leading to a very compact and easy to use optical setup. We have generated up to 290 mW optical power in the green range, from 800 mW only of infrared power around 1.54 µm. This result corresponds to an optical conversion efficiency P3ω/Pω > 36 %. To our knowledge, this is best value ever demonstrated up today for a CW-third harmonic generation in single-pass configuration. This frequency tripling experimental setup was tested over more than two years of continuous operation, without any interruption. The compactness and the reliability of our device make it very suitable as a transportable optical oscillator. In particular, it paves the way for embedded applications thanks to the high level of long term stability of the optical alignments.

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49 mW of cw blue light generated by first-order quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling of a diode-pumped 946-nm Nd:YAG laser

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

Micro‐structured integrated electro‐optic LiNbO₃ modulators

Efficient third harmonic generation of a CW-fibered 1.5 µm laser diode

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49 mW of cw blue light generated by first-order quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling of a diode-pumped 946-nm Nd:YAG laser

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

First-order quasi-phase-matched blue light generation in surface-poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguides

Micro‐structured integrated electro‐optic LiNbO3 modulators

Efficient third harmonic generation of a CW-fibered 1.5 µm laser diode

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Product

Resources

About

Micro‐structured integrated electro‐optic LiNbO₃ modulators