3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensors Using Graphene Based Composites

Alsharari, Meshari; Chen, Baixin; Shu, Wenmiao

doi:10.3390/proceedings2130792

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Strain measurements are essential for monitoring mechanical systems, from both the static and the dynamic points of view [23,24,25]. 3D-printed static strain sensors have been implemented using different conductive materials, including single/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S/M-WCNTs) [26,27], graphite [28], graphene films [29] and carbon black (CB) [30] as fillers in conventional polymers. Furthermore, different technologies have been adopted to integrate sensors (including strain sensors) into 3D-printed structures [31], such as hybrid approaches [18,32,33], where, e.g., the sensor is inserted while printingl conductor infusion [2,34] and multi-material printing [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

Maurizi

Slavič

Cianetti

et al. 2019

Sensors

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3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain sensor was based on the conductive PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. The research was focused on dynamic measurements of the strain and considered the theoretical background of the piezoresistivity of conductive PLA materials, the temperature effects, the nonlinearities, the dynamic range, the electromagnetic sensitivity and the frequency range. A quasi-static calibration used in the dynamic measurements was proposed. It was shown that the temperature effects were negligible, the sensory element was linear as long as the structure had a linear response, the dynamic range started at ∼ 30 μ ϵ and broadband performance was in the range of few kHz (depending on the size of the printed sensor). The promising results support future applications of smart 3D-printed systems with embedded sensory elements being used for dynamic measurements in areas where currently piezo-crystal-based sensors are used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous research, dynamic measurements (except for low-frequency cyclic measurements, e.g., [27,29,41,43]) have not been considered. This study researched the dynamic strain measurements that are typically employed in structural dynamics using FDM 3D-printed piezoresistive sensors embedded in structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

Maurizi

Slavič

Cianetti

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Among these three factors, the first two are most likely the most influential on the electrical resistance upon mechanical deformation (Georgousis et al, 2015). The common matrices used for strain sensor materials can be thermosetting (Ku-Herrera and Avilés, 2012;Moriche et al, 2016b;Sanli et al, 2016), thermoplastics (Georgousis et al, 2015;Bautista-Quijano et al, 2016;Dawoud et al, 2018), and elastomers (Bautista-Quijano et al, 2010Oliva-Avilés et al, 2011;Alsharari et al, 2018;Christ et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D printing sensors have been achieved by several methods such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) (Alsharari et al, 2018;Dawoud et al, 2018), direct ink writing (DIW) (Muth et al, 2014), stereolithography (SLA) , laminated object manufacturing (LOM) , selective laser sintering (SLS) (Ambrosi et al, 2016), photopolymer jetting (Polyjet) (Laszczak et al, 2015), and binder jetting (3DP) (Rivadeneyra et al, 2015). The frequently used conductive fillers for strain sensing applications are metal nanoparticles [e.g., silver , copper (Credi et al, 2016;Saleh et al, 2019), and Ti/Au (Cho et al, 2015)] and carbon-based fillers [e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNT) (Czyżewski et al, 2009;Bautista-Quijano et al, 2010;Oliva-Avilés et al, 2011;Pedrazzoli et al, 2012a;Zhao et al, 2013;Georgousis et al, 2015), carbon nanofibre (Pedrazzoli et al, 2012a), graphene (Moriche et al, 2016a,b;Alsharari et al, 2018), and carbon black (Dawoud et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018)]. In particular, however, only few reports are available on piezoresistive materials obtained through FFF technique, which is the dominated technique in 3D printing of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, however, only few reports are available on piezoresistive materials obtained through FFF technique, which is the dominated technique in 3D printing of polymers. Highly stretchable materials consisting of the blend of graphene-based polylactic acid (PLA) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were produced through the FFF process (Alsharari et al, 2018). The behavior of the obtained 3D-printed conductive composites was reversible until strain levels as high as 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fused Filament Fabrication of Piezoresistive Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Strain Monitoring

2020

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Conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) nanocomposites parts were easily and successfully manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) starting from composite filaments properly extruded at a laboratory scale. Specific specimens for strain monitoring application were properly evaluated in both short term and long term mechanical testing. In particular, samples of ABS filled with 6 wt.% of CNT were additively manufactured in two different infill patterns: HC (0 • /0 • ) and H45 (−45 • /+45 • ). The piezoresistivity behavior was investigated under various loading conditions such as ramp tensile tests at different rate and extension, and also creep and cyclic loading at room temperature. Experimental work revealed that the resistance changes in the conductive samples were properly detectable during stress or strain modification, as consequence of damage and/or reassembling of the percolation network. The measurement of the gauge factor in various testing conditions evidenced an initial higher sensitivity of the 3D-built parts within H45 pattern in comparison to the correspondent HC counterparts. The CNT conductive network path in the investigated samples seems to be reformed during creep and cycling experiments, showing a progressive reduction of gauge factor that seems to stabilize at about 2.5 for both HC and H45 samples after long term testing. These findings suggest that conductive CNT/ABS nanocomposites at 6 wt.% of loading can be successfully processed by FFF to produce stable strain sensors in the range −25 • and +60 • C, as confirmed by the constancy of resistivity in these temperatures.

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3D Printed Reduced Graphene Oxide/Elastomer Resin Composite with Structural Modulated Sensitivity for Flexible Strain Sensor

et al. 2021

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High-performance flexible strain sensors with cost-effective and scalable fabrication methods are highly demanded for human-machine interfaces, soft robotics, and health monitoring. Herein, a digital light processing-based 3D printing method, which manufactures structures in a scalable and efficient layerby-layer manner, is developed to prepare a type of flexible strain sensors consisting of reduced graphene oxide/elastomer resin (RGO/ER) composite as the strain sensing element and RGO/ER composite with rhombic structure as the electrode. The RGO/ER composite as the sensing element has a sensitivity of 6.723 at a linear strain detection range from 0.01% to 40% and a high mechanical stability of more than 10 000 stretching-relaxing cycles. Furthermore, through the structural modulation, the sensitivity of the composite responding to mechanical deformation is modulated and suppressed, which can be used as the electrode for the strain sensor. The all-3D printed device with structurally modulated performance can be used for monitoring various human motions.

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3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensors Using Graphene Based Composites

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

Fused Filament Fabrication of Piezoresistive Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Strain Monitoring

3D Printed Reduced Graphene Oxide/Elastomer Resin Composite with Structural Modulated Sensitivity for Flexible Strain Sensor

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