3D Printing of Biomass-Fungi Composite Material: A Preliminary Study

Bhardwaj, Abhinav; Vasselli, Joseph G.; Lucht, Matt; Pei, Zhijian; Shaw, Brian D.; Grasley, Zachary; Wei, Xingjian; Zou, Na

doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.04.005

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At least 92 research papers have been published on mycelium-based composites (72 original articles [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ,…”

Section: Results Of the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelium-Based Composites in Art, Architecture, and Interior Design: A Review

et al. 2021

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Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) have attracted growing attention due to their role in the development of eco-design methods. We concurrently analysed scientific publications, patent documents, and results of our own feasibility studies to identify the current design issues and technologies used. A literature inquiry in scientific and patent databases (WoS, Scopus, The Lens, Google Patents) pointed to 92 scientific publications and 212 patent documents. As a part of our own technological experiments, we have created several prototype products used in architectural interior design. Following the synthesis, these sources of knowledge can be concluded: 1. MBCs are inexpensive in production, ecological, and offer a high artistic value. Their weaknesses are insufficient load capacity, unfavourable water affinity, and unknown reliability. 2. The scientific literature shows that the material parameters of MBCs can be adjusted to certain needs, but there are almost infinite combinations: properties of the input biomaterials, characteristics of the fungi species, and possible parameters during the growth and subsequent processing of the MBCs. 3. The patent documents show the need for development: an effective method to increase the density and the search for technologies to obtain a more homogeneous internal structure of the composite material. 4. Our own experiments with the production of various everyday objects indicate that some disadvantages of MBCs can be considered advantages. Such an unexpected advantage is the interesting surface texture resulting from the natural inhomogeneity of the internal structure of MBCs, which can be controlled to some extent.

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Section: Results Of the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelium-Based Composites in Art, Architecture, and Interior Design: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Examples of these substances are tragacanth, pectin, starch, carbomer, sodium alginate, and gelatin [ 27 ]. In the literature related to the additive manufacturing of MBC, psyllium husk and chitosan have been used as gelling agents [ 22 , 23 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first scholarly published paper about 3D printing of MBC was [ 22 ]. After the initial growth process, they opened and mixed the biomass material with additives to make it extrudable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilted Arch; Implementation of Additive Manufacturing and Bio-Welding of Mycelium-Based Composites

et al. 2021

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Bio-based materials have found their way to the design and fabrication in the architectural context in recent years. Fungi-based materials, especially mycelium-based composites, are a group of these materials of growing interest among scholars due to their light weight, compostable and regenerative features. However, after about a decade of introducing this material to the architectural community, the proper ways of design and fabrication with this material are still under investigation. In this paper, we tried to integrate the material properties of mycelium-based composites with computational design and digital fabrication methods to offer a promising method of construction. Regarding different characteristics of the material, we found additive manufacturing parallel to bio-welding is an appropriate fabrication method. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we manufactured a small-scale prototype, a tilted arch, made of extruded biomass bound with bio-welding. The project is described in the paper.

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“…This is highly advantageous when object design and geometry frequently change, as in the case for furniture, niche product packaging, and architecture. For instance, Bhardwaj et al [ 19 ] reported AM of a two-step colonized biomass-waste-fungal composite material that could be considered for packaging and building applications. Blast Studio has been working on a similar approach using take-away waste biomass and fungi for manufacturing unique art and furniture pieces in limited editions with AM [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of fungal-based composite materials using the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius

Chen

Abdullayev

Bekheet

et al. 2021

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Background Recent efforts in fungal biotechnology aim to develop new concepts and technologies that convert renewable plant biomass into innovative biomaterials. Hereby, plant substrates become metabolized by filamentous fungi to transform them into new fungal-based materials. Current research is thus focused on both understanding and optimizing the biology and genetics underlying filamentous fungal growth and on the development of new technologies to produce customized fungal-based materials. Results This manuscript reports the production of stable pastes, composed of Fomes fomentarius mycelium, alginate and water with 71 wt.% mycelium in the solid content, for additive manufacturing of fungal-based composite materials. After printing complex shapes, such as hollow stars with up to 39 mm in height, a combination of freeze-drying and calcium-crosslinking processes allowed the printed shapes to remain stable even in the presence of water. The printed objects show low bulk densities of 0.12 ± 0.01 g/cm3 with interconnected macropores. Conclusions This work reports for the first time the application of mycelium obtained from the tinder fungus F. fomentarius for an extrusion-based additive manufacturing approach to fabricate customized light-weight 3D objects. The process holds great promise for developing light-weight, stable, and porous fungal-based materials that could replace expanded polystyrene produced from fossil resources.

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3D Printing of Biomass-Fungi Composite Material: A Preliminary Study

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Mycelium-Based Composites in Art, Architecture, and Interior Design: A Review

Mycelium-Based Composites in Art, Architecture, and Interior Design: A Review

Tilted Arch; Implementation of Additive Manufacturing and Bio-Welding of Mycelium-Based Composites

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing of fungal-based composite materials using the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius

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