3D Printing in Concrete: Techniques for Extrusion/Casting

Perrot, Arnaud; Rangeard, Damien

doi:10.1002/9781119610755.ch2

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The 3D concrete printing process requires contradicting rheological requirements. It needs high workability during the pumping phase before extrusion, but it needs low workability and high thixotropy after extrusion for better buildability of concrete [ 3 , 31 , 47 , 48 ]. During the concrete printing process, a balance is needed between the rheological requirements of pumping, extrusion, and buildability stages [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

2021

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This paper provides a state-of-the-art report on the up-to-date research on the emerging 3D concrete printing technology from the concrete materials perspective. It reviews the recent research focused on understanding and characterizing the rheological necessities of the concrete printing process and discusses how the researchers are tailoring compatible mix proportions for the 3D concrete printing process by using eco-friendly binders, waste aggregates, chemical admixtures, and nano-additives. This paper systematically evaluates anisotropic behavior in the mechanical properties of printed concrete and establishes an order for anisotropic behavior in the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths along three different axes (X, Y, and Z axes) of printed concrete. It evaluates the ratio of flexural strength to the compressive strength of printed concrete along the above three axes. This article explains the influence of variation of printing process parameters on the mechanical properties and discusses reinforcement approaches used for increasing structural performance. The microstructure at the interface of adjacent layers and also at the interface of the reinforcement-cement matrix is discussed. The recent research on the durability performance of printed concrete is critically discussed and future research needs for 3D concrete printing are identified in this paper.

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Section: Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

2021

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“…The 3DCP entails a sequence of processes (pumping, extrusion, and deposition of subsequent layers) with distinct physical principles, imposing stricter rheological constraints than typical concrete construction methods [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 8 ]. Although the associated rheological properties are the same across these processes, their desired values change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of Mix Proportion of 3D Printable Mortar Based on Rheological Properties and Material Strength Using Factorial Design of Experiment

et al. 2023

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In the production of 3D printable mortar (3DPM), numerous efforts have been made globally to effectively utilise various cementitious materials, admixtures, and fibres. The determination of rheological and material strength properties is crucial for successful 3D concrete printing because the materials used in 3DPM must possess the unique characteristic of making mortar flowable while being strong enough to support the weight of subsequent layers in both fresh and hardened states. The complexity of the required characteristics makes it challenging to develop an optimised mix composition that satisfies both the rheological and material strength requirements, given the wide range of available admixtures, supplementary cementitious materials, and fibres. Fly ash, basalt fibre and superplasticiser when blended with cement can help to improve the overall performance of 3DPM. The objective of this research is to optimise the rheological properties and material strength of 3D printable mortars (3DPM) containing cement, fly ash, basalt fibre, and superplasticiser. This study aims to produce 3DPM with an optimised mix composition to meet the requirements of both rheological and material strength characteristics using the factorial design approach and desirability function. Different dosages of cement, fly ash, basalt fibre, and superplasticiser are chosen as the primary design parameters to develop statistical models for the responses of rheological and material strength properties at 7 and 28 days. The results expressed in terms of the measured properties are valid for mortars made with cement ranging from 550 to 650 kg/m3, fly ash from 5% to 20% (of cement), superplasticiser from 2 to 4 kg/m3, and basalt fibre from 1 to 3 kg/m3. The rheological properties are evaluated using slump flow, cone penetrometer, and cylindrical slump tests, while the mechanical strength is evaluated using a three-point bending test and compressive test. A full factorial design experiment (FoE) is used to determine the significant parameters effecting the measured properties. Prediction models are developed to express the measured properties in terms of the primary parameters. The influence of cement, fly ash, basalt fibre, and superplasticiser is analysed using polynomial regression to determine the main effects and interactions of these primary parameters on the measured properties. The results show that the regression models established by the factorial design approach are effective and can accurately predict the performance of 3DPM. Cement, fly ash, and superplasticiser dosages have significant effects on the rheological and mechanical properties of mortar, while basalt fibre is able to influence the static yield stress and flexural strength of 3DPM. The utilisation of regression models and isoresponse curves allows for the identification of significant trends and provides valuable insight into the behaviour of the material, while desirability function is useful to optimise overall performance of mix proportions to meet the desired performance objective at fresh and hardened states.

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“…The feasibility of additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has been successfully showcased in the construction industry, owing to its ability to eliminate the need for large formworks typically used in traditional casting processes [1, 2]. With 3D printing, components can be directly constructed layer by layer, eliminating the need for preexisting molds or subsequent subtraction or forming processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of additive manufacturing processes with time‐dependent material properties using physics‐informed neural networks

Ekanayaka,

Hürkamp

2023

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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Recently, physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) have been effectively utilized in a wide range of problems within the domains of applied mathematics and engineering. In PINNs, the governing physical equations are directly incorporated into the loss function of the network and a conventional labeled dataset is not required for its training. In order to successfully simulate the additive manufacturing processes with concrete, a novel process‐based FE‐simulation has been developed where the Drucker–Prager plasticity model is used as the material model. In this work, we will examine the deployment of a PINN to substitute the Newton–Raphson iterations that occur in the return‐mapping algorithm of the Drucker–Prager plasticity model.

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3D Printing in Concrete: Techniques for Extrusion/Casting

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

Optimisation of Mix Proportion of 3D Printable Mortar Based on Rheological Properties and Material Strength Using Factorial Design of Experiment

Modeling of additive manufacturing processes with time‐dependent material properties using physics‐informed neural networks

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