3D printed, mechanically tunable, composite sodium alginate, gelatin and Gum Arabic (SA-GEL-GA) scaffolds

Amr, Mahmoud; Dykes, India; Counts, Michele; Kernan, Joshua; Mallah, Alia; Mendenhall, Juana; Wie, Bernard J. Van; Abu-Lail, Nehal I.; Gozen, B. Arda

doi:10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00133

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In recent years, alginate-based hydrogels were frequently used in the 3D(bio)printing process of specially designed scaffolds [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Through 3D printing, or the additive manufacturing technique, it is possible to fabricate accurate and reproducible, three-dimensional, alginate-based architectures by facile and material-saving layer-by-layer deposition, otherwise unattainable using conventional manufacturing techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Alginate-Natural Clay Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposites

Alexa

Ianchiş

Savu

et al. 2021

Gels

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Biocompatibility, biodegradability, shear tinning behavior, quick gelation and an easy crosslinking process makes alginate one of the most studied polysaccharides in the field of regenerative medicine. The main purpose of this study was to obtain tissue-like materials suitable for use in bone regeneration. In this respect, alginate and several types of clay were investigated as components of 3D-printing, nanocomposite inks. Using the extrusion-based nozzle, the nanocomposites inks were printed to obtain 3D multilayered scaffolds. To observe the behavior induced by each type of clay on alginate-based inks, rheology studies were performed on composite inks. The structure of the nanocomposites samples was examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while the morphology of the 3D-printed scaffolds was evaluated using Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT). The swelling and dissolvability of each composite scaffold in phosfate buffer solution were followed as function of time. Biological studies indicated that the cells grew in the presence of the alginate sample containing unmodified clay, and were able to proliferate and generate calcium deposits in MG-63 cells in the absence of specific signaling molecules. This study provides novel information on potential manufacturing methods for obtaining nanocomposite hydrogels suitable for 3D printing processes, as well as valuable information on the clay type selection for enabling accurate 3D-printed constructs. Moreover, this study constitutes the first comprehensive report related to the screening of several natural clays for the additive manufacturing of 3D constructs designed for bone reconstruction therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D-printed alginate constructs present a low form fidelity and are unstable in physical conditions. Moreover, increasing the concentration of alginate has no beneficial effect on cell viability and proliferative capacity [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Alginate-Natural Clay Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposites

Alexa

Ianchiş

Savu

et al. 2021

Gels

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“…Very few cells were stained red, additionally indicating that most cells were viable within the scaffold. Such morphology is typical of intermediate zone chondrocytes, which is to be expected, as the scaffold mimics the compressive modulus of the intermediate zone ranging from 50 kPa–250 kPa; the compressive modulus of the hydrogel was characterized in our previous work [ 15 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…SA-GEL-GA scaffolds were prepared as described before [15] with slight modifications. Briefly, known weights of SA, GEL, and GA pertaining to 5%, 10%, and 5% w/v respectively were mixed with warm deionized (DI) water maintained at 60 • C. The slurry was then mixed for five 12 s intervals using an Algimax II GX300 mixer (Holy Medical, People's Republic of China).…”

Section: Scaffolds' Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also lack the mechanical tunability of scaffolds to match different zonal mechanical properties of native healthy AC and the processability to match the anatomical shape of a given defect. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of a tricomponent biocompatible hydrogel-based scaffold we developed previously [ 15 ] for bovine articular chondrocyte (bAChs) proliferation, phenotype maintenance, and ECM and PCM deposition support in vitro. The scaffold is made of sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (GEL), and gum Arabic (GA), referred to as SA–GEL–GA, and can be crosslinked physically, ionically, and covalently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Chondrocytes to Chondrons, Maintenance of Phenotype and Matrix Production in a Composite 3D Hydrogel Scaffold

Amr

Mallah

Yasmeen

et al. 2022

Gels

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by articular cartilage (AC) degradation that affects more than 30 million people in the USA. OA is managed with symptom-alleviating medications. Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) is a tissue-engineered option, but current products are expensive and lack mechanical tunability or processability to match defect mechanical properties and anatomical shapes. Here, we explore the efficacy of a biocompatible hydrogel-based scaffold composed of sodium alginate, gelatin, and gum Arabic—referred to by SA–GEL–GA—to support bovine articular chondrocyte (bAChs) proliferation, pericellular matrix (PCM), and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. bAChs were grown for 45 days in SA–GEL–GA. Their viability, their live/dead status, histological staining, biochemical assays for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, and immunofluorescence staining of collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan, and CD44 were assessed. We found that SA–GEL–GA was not cytotoxic, induced cellular proliferation by 6.1-fold while maintaining a round morphology, and supported ECM deposition by producing 3.9-fold more GAG compared to day 0. bAChs transformed into chondrons and produced a PCM enriched with collagen II (3.4-fold), aggrecan (1.7-fold), and CD44 (1.3-fold) compared to day 0. In summary, SA–GEL–GA supported the proliferation, ECM production, and PCM production of bAChs in vitro.

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Hydrogel nanoparticles as new drug delivery system for CNS disorders

Omar Khudhur,

Karimian,

Asadi

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Previous studies have shown that more than one million individuals suffer from central nervous system (CNS) diseases worldwide. Nanogels are a good way to deliver drugs because they are ultra‐stable, can hold a lot of drugs, have a core‐shell structure, are very permeable, and can get into brain tissue both in the lab and in living organisms. The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) make it harder to deliver therapies to specific areas of the CNS because drugs can′t get into the brain well enough. However, these barriers help treat neurological disorders like epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and ischemic stroke. A number of biological studies suggest that nano‐additives may improve the shape, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and biological activities of hydrogels. The creation of nanogels for CNS drug delivery, their early preclinical success, and their potential for neurotoxicity are all examined in this research. This study looks at techniques that are almost ready for clinical use, a preclinical delivery system for the CNS, and the use of nanogels as a successful BBB‐penetration method. It also examines the main difficulties that nanogels must overcome in order to provide the most effective therapeutic care for CNS illnesses.

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3D printed, mechanically tunable, composite sodium alginate, gelatin and Gum Arabic (SA-GEL-GA) scaffolds

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

3D Printing of Alginate-Natural Clay Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposites

3D Printing of Alginate-Natural Clay Hydrogel-Based Nanocomposites

From Chondrocytes to Chondrons, Maintenance of Phenotype and Matrix Production in a Composite 3D Hydrogel Scaffold

Hydrogel nanoparticles as new drug delivery system for CNS disorders

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