3D printed cement-based repairs and strain sensors

Vlachakis, Christos; McAlorum, Jack; Perry, Marcus

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104202

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…3. The GF for the geopolymer coatings ranged between 20-41 which is in line with reported values in previous studies for filler-free geopolymers [11][12][13]. It should be noted that the gauge factors were calculated using the strain recorded in the concrete substrates.…”

Section: Self-sensing Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigation of the interfacial bonding effect on self-sensing cementitious coatings for infrastructure monitoring

Vlachakis

Al‐Tabbaa

2023

MATEC Web Conf.

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In the field of structural health monitoring, self-sensing cementitious binders have gained great attention over the past decades due to their high sensing performance and durability. In particular, self-sensing cementitious coatings have seen increased interest due to their high compatibility with concrete structures and their ability to monitor existing infrastructure while using low amounts of material and at lower costs. Geopolymer coatings display favorable characteristics for this application due to their innate electrical properties and high bond strength with concrete structures. Despite the research that has been carried out on self-sensing coatings, the effect of the interfacial bond between the coating and substrate on the coating’s sensing performance has not been investigated. Poor bonding between the two materials can lead to low-quality sensing measurements and data misinterpretation. In this paper, we aim to investigate the bonding effect on the sensing performance of self-sensing geopolymer coatings. For this study fly ash-metakaolin geopolymer coatings were applied onto concrete substrates; the concrete surfaces were treated by employing three different surface preparation methods: mechanical brooming, chemical treatment and the untreated cast surface. The bond strength for each preparation technique was measured with the splitting tensile bond test and the sensing response for the geopolymer coatings under repeated loading was also characterized. Through proper understanding of the interface between cementitious materials, sensing coatings can be tailored accordingly to achieve high sensing performance and thus allowing high-quality monitoring and proactive maintenance in civil infrastructure.

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Section: Self-sensing Propertiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Investigation of the interfacial bonding effect on self-sensing cementitious coatings for infrastructure monitoring

Vlachakis

Al‐Tabbaa

2023

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…Most notably, McAlorum et al (2021) demonstrated the feasibility of robotically spraying self-sensing metakaolin geopolymer coatings onto concrete substrates. Similarly, Vlachakis et al (2022) printed alkali-activated material coatings onto concrete substrates and glass fiber reinforced polymers and then investigated their strain sensing properties under compression and tension, respectively. These studies clearly showed that self-sensing concrete used in coating form has great potential for health monitoring and maintenance of concrete structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring damage of concrete beams via self-sensing cement mortar coating with carbon nanotube-nano carbon black composite fillers

Qiu,

Li,

Ashour

et al. 2024

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Self-sensing concrete used in coating form for structural health monitoring of concrete structures has the merits of cost-effectiveness, offering protective effect on structural components, enabling electrical measurements unaffected by steel reinforcement and is also convenient to maintain and replace. This paper investigates the feasibility of using self-sensing cement mortar coating containing carbon nanotube-nano carbon black (CNT-NCB) composite fillers (CNCFs) for damage monitoring of concrete beams. The self-sensing cement mortar coated to concrete beams demonstrated outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity ranging from 18 to 85 Ω·cm). Under monotonic flexural loadings, self-sensing cement mortar coating with 1.8 vol.% CNCFs featured sensitive self-sensing performance in terms of capturing the initiation of vertical cracks at pure bending span of concrete beams, with fractional change in resistivity (FCR) reaching up to 60.6%. Moreover, FCR variations of self-sensing cement mortar coating exhibited good synchronization and stability with the variation of mid-span deflections of concrete beams during cyclic flexural loadings irrespective of the contents of CNCFs and cyclic amplitudes. Remarkably, it was found that FCR of cement mortar coating basically showed a progressive upward tendency, representing irreversible increase in the resistance during cyclic loading. The irreversible residual FCR indicated the crack occurrence and damage accumulation of concrete beams.

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“…Because the selfsensing system works according to the strain and is related to the mechanical properties of patches, creating a more uniform patch is essential. Hence, the filaments of the patches were fabricated vertically for the first layer and horizontally for the second layer [79].…”

Section: Three-dimensional Printing Applications 61 Pavement Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Industrial By-Products for Sustainable Three-Dimensional-Printed Infrastructure Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Kurniati,

Kim

2023

Infrastructures

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Industrial secondary products (e.g., fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume) have found extensive application as alternative construction materials in conventional manufacturing methods to reduce carbon emissions due to cement usage and solve the waste management problem. To date, additive manufacturing or 3D printing has been massively developed for every material, including cement-based materials. Some possibilities have arisen to incorporate industrial wastes in cement mixtures in 3D printing applications. However, a comprehensive study about fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and silica fume (SF) usage in 3D-printed materials needs to be conducted. This paper shows that some aspects of 3D printing, such as printability, buildability, and rheological properties, need to be considered, and waste materials affect these fresh mixture properties. Applying waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials also gives different mechanical properties and durability performances. Furthermore, the environmental and economic benefits of 3D-printed and conventional materials are compared. The results show that 3D printing methods can enhance the environmental and economic benefits while maintaining the performance of materials created using traditional methods. Studying industrial waste application in 3D printing has become a promising way to develop sustainable materials in this digitalization era.

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3D printed cement-based repairs and strain sensors

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Investigation of the interfacial bonding effect on self-sensing cementitious coatings for infrastructure monitoring

Investigation of the interfacial bonding effect on self-sensing cementitious coatings for infrastructure monitoring

Monitoring damage of concrete beams via self-sensing cement mortar coating with carbon nanotube-nano carbon black composite fillers

Utilizing Industrial By-Products for Sustainable Three-Dimensional-Printed Infrastructure Applications: A Comprehensive Review

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