3D plotting in the preparation of newberyite, struvite, and brushite porous scaffolds: using magnesium oxide as a starting material

Cao, Xiaofeng; Lu, Haojun; Lu, Weipeng; Guo, Lin; Ma, Ming; Zhang, Bing; Guo, Yanchuan

doi:10.1007/s10856-019-6290-2

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Various MgP phases are now well recognized as competitors to various phases of CaPs on grounds of biomaterial performance. 9,10 Our group has a sustained research thrust in developing MgP-based implants, and a recent review from our group highlights the importance of MgPs in orthopedics and the advantages they have to offer over CaPs. 11 In the recent decade, we developed various MgPbased products ranging from implant coatings 12,13 to bulk materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication (Three-Dimensional Printing) of Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate/Polylactic Acid Macroporous Biocomposite Scaffolds

Elhattab

Bhaduri

Lawrence

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The ultimate goal of this paper is to develop novel ceramic-polymer-based biocomposite orthopedic scaffolds with the help of additive manufacturing. Specifically, we incorporate a bioceramic known as amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) into polylactic acid (PLA) with the help of the melt-blending technique. Magnesium phosphate (MgP) was chosen as the bioactive component as previous studies have confirmed its favorable biomaterial properties, especially in orthopedics. Special care was taken to develop constant diameter AMP-PLA composite filaments, which would serve as feedstock for a fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based three-dimensional (3D) printer. Before the filaments were used for FFF, a thorough set of characterization protocols comprising of phase analysis, microstructure evaluations, thermal analysis, rheological analysis, and in vitro degradation determinations was performed on the biocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed a homogenous dispersion of AMP particles in the PLA matrix. Rheological studies demonstrated good printability behavior of the AMP-PLA filaments. In vitro degradation studies indicated a faster degradation rate in the case of AMP-PLA filaments as compared to the single phase PLA filaments. Subsequently, the filaments were fed into an FFF setup, and tensile bars and design-specific macroporous AMP-PLA scaffolds were printed. The biocomposite exhibited favorable mechanical properties. Furthermore, in vitro cytocompatibility results revealed higher pre-osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation on AMP-PLA scaffolds as compared to single-phase PLA scaffolds. Altogether, this study provides a proof of concept that design-specific bioactive AMP-PLA biocomposite scaffolds fabricated by FFF can be potential candidates as medical implants in orthopedics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication (Three-Dimensional Printing) of Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate/Polylactic Acid Macroporous Biocomposite Scaffolds

Elhattab

Bhaduri

Lawrence

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…The SrHPO 4 powder was prepared by a simple facile homogeneous precipitation process, and the MgO powder was a commercial light MgO, which avoided extreme high-temperature sintering and ball milling processes. Moreover, the light MgO powder without high-temperature treatment maintained a high chemical activity to make the scaffolds consolidate rapidly [ 60 , 63 ]. The MgO/SrHPO 4 powder further mixed with the binder of Pluronic F127 solution to form an injectable paste, which possessed the self-setting property in a phosphate solution to fabricate the primary scaffolds at room temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MgO/SrHPO 4 powder further mixed with the binder of Pluronic F127 solution to form an injectable paste, which possessed the self-setting property in a phosphate solution to fabricate the primary scaffolds at room temperature. The following hydrothermal process shortened the consolidation time to form the final scaffolds [ 60 , 63 ]. During the whole fabrication process, the cementation played an important role, and the sintering step at high temperature was not required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vitro degradation tests indicated that the MgNH 4 PO 4 ·H 2 O/SrHPO 4 porous composite scaffolds were sustainably degraded, and the Mg, Sr, and P elements were continuously released during the experiment periods, which resulted in the pH value changes of the Tris-HCl solutions ( Figure 7 and Figure 8 ). The reasons could be ascribed to the hydration and dissolution processes of the porous composite scaffolds [ 63 ]. When the scaffolds were soaked in Tris-HCl solution, partial MgNH 4 PO 4 ·H 2 O on the surface of the scaffolds degraded to form Mg 2+ , NH 4 + , and PO 4 3− .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Fabrication of MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 Porous Composite Scaffolds with Improved Radiopacity via 3D Printing Process

Cao

Wang

et al. 2021

Biomedicines

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Although bone repair scaffolds are required to possess high radiopacity to be distinguished from natural bone tissues in clinical applications, the intrinsic radiopacity of them is usually insufficient. For improving the radiopacity, combining X-ray contrast agents with bone repair scaffolds is an effective method. In the present research, MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 3D porous composite scaffolds with improved radiopacity were fabricated via the 3D printing technique. Here, SrHPO4 was firstly used as a radiopaque agent to improve the radiopacity of magnesium phosphate scaffolds. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the phases, morphologies, and element compositions of the 3D porous composite scaffolds. The radiography image showed that greater SrHPO4 contents corresponded to higher radiopacity. When the SrHPO4 content reached 9.34%, the radiopacity of the composite scaffolds was equal to that of a 6.8 mm Al ladder. The porosity and in vitro degradation of the porous composite scaffolds were studied in detail. The results show that magnesium phosphate scaffolds with various Sr contents could sustainably degrade and release the Mg, Sr, and P elements during the experiment period of 28 days. In addition, the cytotoxicity on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cells was evaluated, and the results show that the porous composite scaffolds with a SrHPO4 content of 9.34% possessed superior cytocompatibility compared to that of the pure MgNH4PO4·H2O scaffolds when the extract concentration was 0.1 g/mL. Cell adhesion experiments showed that all of the scaffolds could support MC3T3-E1 cellular attachment well. This research indicates that MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 porous composite scaffolds have potential applications in the bone repair fields.

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“…Besides Mg-containing porous scaffolds, MgP porous scaffolds have also be widely investigated in tissue engineering. Generally, MgP porous scaffolds are constructed by 3D powder printing, 34,43,126,127 paste extruding deposition, 37,128,129 and a particulate leaching method. 130 For example, Lee et al utilized a paste extruding deposition system and cement chemistry to produce a 3D porous MgP scaffold at room temperature.…”

Section: Magnesium Phosphate Porous Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. B

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3D plotting in the preparation of newberyite, struvite, and brushite porous scaffolds: using magnesium oxide as a starting material

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Fused Filament Fabrication (Three-Dimensional Printing) of Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate/Polylactic Acid Macroporous Biocomposite Scaffolds

Fused Filament Fabrication (Three-Dimensional Printing) of Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate/Polylactic Acid Macroporous Biocomposite Scaffolds

Rapid Fabrication of MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 Porous Composite Scaffolds with Improved Radiopacity via 3D Printing Process

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

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