3D Nanostructured Palladium-Functionalized Graphene-Aerogel-Supported Fe₃O₄ for Enhanced Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-Based Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensing of Prostate Specific Antigen

Abstract

We developed a novel Ru(bpy)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor utilizing palladium nanoparticle (Pd NP)-functionalized graphene-aerogel-supported FeO (FGA-Pd) for real-sample analysis of prostate specific antigen (PSA). 3D nanostructured FGA-Pd, as a novel ECL carrier, was prepared by in situ reduction. Large amounts of Ru(bpy) could combine with FGA-Pd via electrostatic interaction to establish a brand-new ECL emitter (Ru@FGA-Pd) for improving ECL efficiency. The obtained Ru@FGA-Pd composite was utilized to label the secondary antibody, which generated strong ECL signals with tripropylamine (TPrA) as a coreactant. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the participation of Pd NPs endowed FGA with favorable electrocatalytic ability in the luminescence process to produce more excited state [Ru(bpy)]* for realizing desirable signal amplification. In addition, the primary antibody was captured by gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-functionalized FeO nanodendrites (Au-FONDs), which possessed good electrical conductivity and favorable biocompatibility. Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sandwich-type ECL immunosensor showed a sensitive response to PSA with a low detection limit of 0.056 pg/mL (S/N = 3) and a calibration range of 0.0001-50 ng/mL. Featuring favorable selectivity, stability, and repeatability, the proposed immunosensor is expected to blaze a novel trail for the real sample detection of PSA and other biomarkers.

Versatile Aerogels for Sensors

“…There are some other detection methods for the biosensors besides the electrochemical detection, such as fluorescent detection, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection (SERS), and electrochemiluminescent detection . For the aerogel‐based fluorescent detection, the general strategy is introduction of fluorescent materials in the 3D network of aerogels to get fluorescent aerogels.…”

“…The resultant composite can be used as a biosensor for the SERS detection of the 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole which is a fluorescent probe of DNA . Pd/Fe 3 O 4 /graphene aerogel composite was used as a substrate to stabilize Ru(bpy) 3 2+ by electrostatic interaction for the preparation of electrochemiluminescence biosensor with high electrochemiluminescence efficiency and excellent stability . Pd nanoparticles could enhance the electrocatalytic ability of the composite during the luminescence process and produce abundant excited state [Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ]* for the signal amplification.…”

Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured MOF‐Co3O4 on Well‐aligned CuO Nanowire with an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Property

“…Globally, many diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes and so on are leading cause of deaths worldwide [1][2][3][4]. Among these, diabetes is one of the vital public health problems, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) survey reveals that 422 million people have diabetes mellitus throughout the world [5].…”

Unveiling the interfacial electrochemiluminescence behavior of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

“…As is well-known, the whole ECL process should satisfy three indispensable conditions: [12][13][14][15] (1) the injection of the electron (or hole) to the emitter and the coreactant; (2) the generation of oxidative species and reductive species; (3) the combination of intermediates to produce the excited state, along with the generation of the ECL signal. In addition, the inherent optical properties of the emitter are the basic insurance of ECL response.…”