3D bioprinting for lungs and hollow organs

3D Bioprinting Strategies for the Regeneration of Functional Tubular Tissues and Organs

“…Almost all of the tubular tissues have a multilayer cellular structure from the innermost to the outermost, and the inner structure has an endothelium cell layer [6]. There are no existent pioneering fabrication techniques to fabricate tubular-shaped tissues and organs in the field of tissue engineering [5]. However, various fabrication methodologies have been suggested for constructing tubular structures with mimicking the inherent multilayer cellular constructs.…”

“…Autologous transplantation is considered as one of the best therapeutic methods; however, in the case of the trachea and esophagus tissue with little redundancy and non-existent autologous tissues, therapeutic approaches using donor tissues or synthetic prosthesis are required [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Donor tissue transplantation is an ideal option, but there remains a disparity between the number of the appropriate donors and the high demand for the therapeutic use of donor tissue [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In addition, finding a suitable donor tissue is not easy since most of the tubular tissues are associated with poor prognosis after surgery [ 4 , 8 ].…”

Bioengineered in Vitro Tissue Models to Study SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Validation

“…The intricate 3D architecture of the lung tissue has been fabricated by 3D bioprinting, such as the branched morphology of the respiratory tract as a bifurcated set of tubes. 73 Instead of a monolayer culture of tracheobronchial cells, 42 a strategically designed 3D bioprinted human upper airway construct would bring more anatomical relevance and would be the closest possible organ-like platform to study respiratory infections outside the human body. In the 3D bioprinted human upper airway construct, differentiation of the embedded cells can be induced, and different cell types can be incorporated to mimic airway tissue layers including basal, ciliated, and goblet cells, with an expression pattern comparable to that of the in vivo bronchial epithelium.…”

A current render of pediatric otolaryngology in the United States

“…Exciting refinements in minimal invasive surgical techniques, such as increased application of endoscopic interventions for complex laryngeal pathologies, integration of robotic surgery both for pharyngeal and upper airway lesions, perinatal and fetal airway surgical interventions, and robotic assistance in minimalistic cochlear implant surgery—to name a few—have all been described in the recent past and will continue to expand into the future. Moreover, research in the area of 3D tissue printing and bioengineering is likely to open a whole new arena of pediatric airway surgical reconstruction . Advances in genomics, precision medicine, deep machine learning and artificial intelligence are likely to influence the practice of pediatric otolaryngology from otitis media diagnosis to hearing loss treatment .…”

“…Moreover, research in the area of 3D tissue printing and bioengineering is likely to open a whole new arena of pediatric airway surgical reconstruction. 18 Advances in genomics, precision medicine, deep machine learning and artificial intelligence are likely to influence the practice of pediatric otolaryngology from otitis media diagnosis to hearing loss treatment. 19,20 Integration of simulation into surgical training and competency assessment will predictably increase over time.…”