Bacteriophages as surrogates for the study of viral dispersion in open air

Machado, Gilmara de Oliveira; Pinto, Claudia Ramos de Carvalho; Fonseca, Luisa Andrea Villanueva da; Ramos, Taissa Cristina dos Santos; Paggi, Tuanny Fernanda Pereira; Spira, Beny

doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02382-8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The size distribution of the mist droplets was analyzed by using Matlab (Figure 7a), revealing that most droplets were between 20 and 200 μm in diameter (Figure 7c). This droplet size range is comparable to those produced using other methods used in virus transmission research, such as spray bottles 65 and nebulizers. 66 Also, it should be noted that, in these studies, PBS is often employed to prepare virus samples for droplet generation.…”

Section: ■ Sensor Designsupporting

confidence: 56%

On-The-Spot Sampling and Detection of Viral Particles on Solid Surfaces Using a Sponge Virus Sensor Incorporated with Finger-Press Fluid Release

Tian,

Dong

2024

ACS Sens.

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This paper presents a sponge-based electrochemical sensor for rapid, on-site collection and analysis of infectious viruses on solid surfaces. The device utilizes a conducting porous sponge modified with graphene, graphene oxide, and specific antibodies. The sponge serves as a hydrophilic porous electrode capable of liquid collection and electrochemical measurements. The device operation involves spraying an aqueous solution on a target surface, swiping the misted surface using the sponge, discharging an electrolyte solution with a simple finger press, and performing in situ incubation and electrochemical measurements. By leveraging the water-absorbing ability of the biofunctionalized conducting sponge, the sensor can effectively collect and quantify virus particles from the surface. The portability of the device is enhanced by introducing a push-release feature that dispenses the liquid electrolyte from a miniature reservoir onto the sensor surface. This reservoir has sharp edges to rupture a liquid sealing film with a finger press. The ability of the device to sample and quantify viral particles is demonstrated by using influenza A virus as the model. The sensor provided a calculated limit of detection of 0.4 TCID50/mL for H1N1 virus, along with a practical concentration range from 1−10 6 TCID50/mL. Additionally, it achieves a 15% collection efficiency from single-run swiping on a tabletop surface. This versatile device allows for convenient on-site virus detection within minutes, eliminating the need for sample pretreatment and simplifying the entire sample collecting and measuring process. This device presents significant potential for rapid virus detection on solid surfaces.

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Section: ■ Sensor Designsupporting

confidence: 56%

On-The-Spot Sampling and Detection of Viral Particles on Solid Surfaces Using a Sponge Virus Sensor Incorporated with Finger-Press Fluid Release

Tian,

Dong

2024

ACS Sens.

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“…Surrogate viruses. To demonstrate the antiviral properties of the AgCu nanolayer, bacteriophages (surrogate viruses) were used as model viruses due to their safety and experimental efficiency [47,48,50]. Four bacteriophage strains were used as surrogate models of respiratory viruses (Table 2).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacteriophages are considered suitable viral surrogates for studying viruses that infect eukaryotic cells because they present similar structural characteristics and are safe to use. Also, they are relatively easy to produce in large quantities and suitable for antiviral studies [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of silver-copper coating against aerosols containing surrogate respiratory viruses and bacteria

Reyes-Carmona,

Sepúlveda-Robles,

Almaguer-Flores

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The transmission of bacteria and respiratory viruses through expelled saliva microdroplets and aerosols is a significant concern for healthcare workers, further highlighted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To address this issue, the development of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties for use as nanolayers in respiratory protection equipment, such as facemasks or respirators, has emerged as a potential solution. In this study, a silver and copper nanolayer called SakCu® was deposited on one side of a spun-bond polypropylene fabric using the magnetron sputtering technique. The antibacterial and antiviral activity of the AgCu nanolayer was evaluated against droplets falling on the material and aerosols passing through it. The effectiveness of the nanolayer was assessed by measuring viral loads of the enveloped virus SARS-CoV-2 and viability assays using respiratory surrogate viruses, including PaMx54, PaMx60, PaMx61 (ssRNA, Leviviridae), and PhiX174 (ssDNA, Microviridae) as representatives of non-enveloped viruses. Colony forming unit (CFU) determination was employed to evaluate the survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The results demonstrated a nearly exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, achieving complete viral load reduction after 24 hours of contact incubation with the AgCu nanolayer. Viability assays with the surrogate viruses showed a significant reduction in viral replication between 2–4 hours after contact. The simulated viral filtration system demonstrated inhibition of viral replication ranging from 39% to 64%. The viability assays with PhiX174 exhibited a 2-log reduction in viral replication after 24 hours of contact and a 16.31% inhibition in viral filtration assays. Bacterial growth inhibition varied depending on the species, with reductions ranging from 70% to 92% for aerobic bacteria and over 90% for anaerobic strains. In conclusion, the AgCu nanolayer displayed high bactericidal and antiviral activity in contact and aerosol conditions. Therefore, it holds the potential for incorporation into personal protective equipment to effectively reduce and prevent the transmission of aerosol-borne pathogenic bacteria and respiratory viruses.

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“…E. coli, as mentioned above, is usually found in healthcare facilities and should be highly regulated due to its antibiotic-resistance risk [5][6][7]. λ virus, is similar to SARS-CoV-2 in size and was utilized as the surrogate for studying airborne dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in a previous study [32]. Three essential operating factors of the CNT plasma apparatus that majorly affect inactivating performance: air exchange rate (ACH), operating voltage, and pumping flowrate, were included and explored in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Inactivating Ability of Carbon-Nanotube Coated Plasma Treatment on Bioaerosols for Indoor Air Cleaning

et al. 2022

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This work considers the ability of carbon-nanotube (CNT)-coated plasma to inactivate bioaerosols. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and λ virus phage were chosen as the challenge bioaerosols. A test chamber was used to simulate an indoor environment and to control the air exchange rate (ACH). The results demonstrated that CNT-coated plasma had a significant antimicrobial effect on both bacterial and viral bioaerosols. The experimental results revealed that CNT-coated plasma under an operating voltage of 6.0 kV and an ACH of 0.5 h−1 had significantly higher bioaerosol inactivating ability (kCNT, 0.24 and 0.23 min−1 for E. coli and λ virus phage, respectively) compared to the results without using CNT-coated plasma (kn, 0.09 and 0.08 min−1 for E. coli and λ virus phage, respectively). Under the higher ACH condition, the system demonstrated higher bioaerosol removal efficiency due to the mechanical effect of clean air exchange. Increasing flow rate and operating voltage could raise the inactivating ability of the CNT-coated plasma system. A CNT-coated plasma air-cleaning device was tested in a real indoor medical environment and yielded bacterial bioaerosol removal efficiency in the range from 70% to 80% within 6 h of operation (7.5 Lpm and 6.0 kV), which suggests that CNT-coated plasma treatment has the potential for further application in improving indoor air quality.

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Bacteriophages as surrogates for the study of viral dispersion in open air

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

On-The-Spot Sampling and Detection of Viral Particles on Solid Surfaces Using a Sponge Virus Sensor Incorporated with Finger-Press Fluid Release

On-The-Spot Sampling and Detection of Viral Particles on Solid Surfaces Using a Sponge Virus Sensor Incorporated with Finger-Press Fluid Release

Antimicrobial activity of silver-copper coating against aerosols containing surrogate respiratory viruses and bacteria

Evaluation of the Inactivating Ability of Carbon-Nanotube Coated Plasma Treatment on Bioaerosols for Indoor Air Cleaning

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