“…[10] This is mainly due to the electrochemical properties of their excited states,w hich range from À0.7 to À1.7 V for the reduction potentials and + 2.0 Vand greater for their oxidation potentials. [10] Recently,1 ,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazole-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN, PC10)has emerged as one of the most useful catalysts in the series,w hich besides its reduction potential, exhibits al onger excited-state lifetime because of the presence of the carbazole groups.S uch as tructure mimics those found in transition-metal photocatalysts,w here photoexcitation leads to the transfer of an electron from the HOMO of the metal atom to the LUMO of the ligands. [42] To design new effective cyanoarene-based photocatalysts, the group of Zeitler investigated the effects of aromatic and halogen substitutions on the active core of three newly synthesized and five previously studied cyanoarenes.…”