An analysis of variations in morphological characteristics, essential oil content, and genetic sequencing among and within major Iranian Juniper (Juniperus spp.) populations

Ghorbanzadeh, Amir; Ghasemnezhad, Azim; Sarmast, Mostafa Khoshhal; Ebrahimi, Samad Nejad

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112737

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…J. communis is one of the most studied Juniperus species, and our data confirmed the relatively high content of α-pinene in the leaf oil of J. communis [51,52,54,55]. In addition, J. communis cone oil contained a high amount of myrcene (53.2%), which is consistent with previous reports on essential oils from J. communis collected in Poland [52] (Table 2).…”

Section: Essential Oil Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Cedrol, a Component of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus Species

et al. 2021

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Little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils isolated from Juniperus species. Thus, we isolated essential oils from the cones and leaves of eight juniper species found in Montana and in Kazakhstan, including J. horizontalis, J. scopolorum, J. communis, J. seravschanica, J. sabina, J. pseudosabina, J. pseudosabina subsp. turkestanica, and J. sibirica. We report here the chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity of these essential oils. Compositional analysis of the 16 samples of Juniper essential oils revealed similarities and differences between our analyses and those previously reported for essential oils from this species. Our studies represent the first analysis of essential oils isolated from the cones of four of these Juniper species. Several essential oil samples contained high levels of cedrol, which was fairly unique to three Juniper species from Kazakhstan. We found that these essential oils and pure (+)-cedrol induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils. Furthermore, pretreatment of human neutrophils and N-formyl peptide receptor 1 and 2 (FPR1 and FPR2) transfected HL60 cells with these essential oils or (+)-cedrol inhibited agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization, suggesting these responses were desensitized by this pretreatment. In support of this conclusion, pretreatment with essential oils from J. seravschanica cones (containing 16.8% cedrol) or pure (+)-cedrol inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis to N-formyl peptide. Finally, reverse pharmacophore mapping predicted several potential kinase targets for cedrol. Thus, our studies have identified cedrol as a novel neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation by N-formyl peptide.

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Section: Essential Oil Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Cedrol, a Component of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus Species

et al. 2021

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“…Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc., the temple juniper, is widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere (Ghorbanzadeh et al, 2021). It is native to northern China, Korea and Japan, and is used in traditional Tibetan and Mongolian medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis, edema, coughs, and skin diseases (Kim et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of juniper essential oil on gray mold in cherry tomatoes

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Juniper essential oil (JEO), which is mostly known as an immune system booster and effective detoxifier, has substantial antimicrobial activity. A comparison of the inhibitory effects of three plant essential oils from juniper (Juniperus rigida), cedarwood (Juniperus virginiana), and cypress (Crupressus sempervirens) on four plant pathogenic fungi indicated that JEO was the most effective at inhibiting the growth of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Additional studies were subsequently conducted to explore the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity and possible mechanism of JEO against B. cinerea. The results show that JEO inhibited the germination of spores and mycelial growth of B. cinerea in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited strong inhibition when its concentration exceeded 10 μL/mL. JEO also significantly inhibited the incidence of disease and diameters of gray mold lesions on cherry tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum). After 12 h of treatment with JEO, the extracellular conductivity, and the contents of soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were 3.1, 1.2, 7.2, and 4.7 folds higher than those of the control group, respectively (P < 0.05), which indicated that JEO can damage membranes. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that JEO affected the morphology of mycelia, causing them to shrivel, twist and distort. Furthermore, JEO significantly improved the activities of the antioxidant-related enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase but reduced the pathogenicity-related enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase and endoglucanase of B. cinerea (P < 0.05). In particular, PG was reduced by 93% after treatment with JEO for 12 h. Moreover, the 18 constituents of JEO were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, mainly limonene (15.17%), γ-terpinene (8.3%), β-myrcene (4.56%), terpinen-4-ol (24.26%), linalool (8.73%), α-terpineol (1.03%), o-cymene (8.35%) and other substances with antimicrobial activity. Therefore, JEO can be an effective alternative to prevent and control gray mold on cherry tomato fruit.

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“…Although Juniperus sabina and J. excelsa have limited distribution amongst the Bulgarian and Slovakian flora, they are of interest to various industries and folk medicine. Due to their specific phytochemical composition and pharmacological application, the EO have been used for cosmetic and medical purposes for a long time [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The literature data on the J. excelsa and J. sabina EO is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivity of Two Juniper Species from Bulgaria and Slovakia

et al. 2021

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Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb and J. sabina L. contain essential oil (EO), while J. sabina also contains podophyllotoxin, which is used as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Two studies were conducted. The first assessed the variability in the EO profile and podophyllotoxin concentration of the two junipers, depending on the location and tree gender. The main EO constituents of J. excelsa were α-cedrol, α-limonene and α-pinene, while the constituents in J. sabina were sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenyl acetate and α-cadinol. The podophyllotoxin yield of 18 J. sabina accessions was 0.07–0.32% (w/w), but this was not found in any of the J. excelsa accessions. The second study assessed the effect of hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) and steam distillation (in a semi-commercial apparatus) on the EO profile and bioactivity. The extraction type did not significantly alter the EO composition. The EO profiles of the two junipers and their accessions were different and may be of interest to the industry utilizing juniper leaf EO. Breeding and selection programs could be developed with the two junipers (protected species) in order to identify chemotypes with (1) a high EO content and desirable composition, and (2) a high concentration of podophyllotoxin in J. sabina. Such chemotypes could be established as agricultural crops for the commercial production of podophyllotoxin and EO.

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An analysis of variations in morphological characteristics, essential oil content, and genetic sequencing among and within major Iranian Juniper (Juniperus spp.) populations

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Cedrol, a Component of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus Species

Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Cedrol, a Component of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus Species

Inhibitory effect and mechanism of action of juniper essential oil on gray mold in cherry tomatoes

Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivity of Two Juniper Species from Bulgaria and Slovakia

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