Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease

Unraveling the Microbiome of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Insights in Novel Microbial and Metabolomic Biomarkers

“…4 ). As suggested previously, although TDO is typically a eukaryotic enzyme, these results supported the notion that some bacteria could synthesize Kyn by expressing an enzyme homologous to TDO ( 53 ), thus suggesting that depletion of bacterial homologous for this enzyme in NEC subjects may reflect increased gut inflammation and/or unbalanced intestinal mucosal reactivity ( 50 , 54 ). Remarkably, positive associations were found between TDO abundance and the presence of various commensals of the infant gut, including Bacteroides , Cutibacterium , and Enterobacter genera, while negative correlations were identified with E. coli and S. epidermidis .…”

“…4 ). Interestingly, biotin has a putative effect on a range of catabolic and anabolic pathways of the human host, such as carbohydrates and amino acids catabolism or fatty acids synthesis ( 54 ), and it can be synthesized at the intestinal level by gut commensals possessing the complete biosynthesis pathway, such as Bacteroides fragilis , which is a bacterial taxon enriched in healthy infants ( 55 ). Furthermore, negative correlation coefficient was observed between components of biotin biosynthetic pathway and E. coli (Table S8).…”

Gut Microbiota and Neuroplasticity

“…In parallel with the accumulating new analytical data, the approaches to treating the microbiota include a broader spectrum of molecular and cellular targets [133]-for example, manipulating the activity of Toll-like receptors (TLR), as the gut microbiota produces several TLR ligands that have been linked to the development of diseases associated with an inflammatory status [134], or using probiotics in an attempt to regulate tryptophan and serotonin metabolism [135] are being intensively researched. Owing to the microbiota s plasticity, lifestyle interventions (mainly in diet, exercise, and stress) are being increasingly recognized for their impact on physical and mental health, through gut-microbiota-mediated actions [136].…”

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Diseases—A Focus on the Central Nervous System

“…Spichak et al reviewed over 200 sequencing studies investigating the impact of disturbance of the GBA in the context of neuropsychiatric diseases. After setting exclusion criteria and performing detailed analyses, the scientists found a close link between disturbances of bacterial metabolic pathways and diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression [ 58 ]. Anderson et al proved a relationship between dysbiosis and multiple sclerosis [ 59 , 60 ].…”