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Cited by 64 publications
(78 citation statements)
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References 35 publications
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“…In a metabolomic study of COVID-19 (+) patients, tryptophan metabolism was the major disorder detected [69]. In patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, decreased levels of tryptophan and serotonin as well as increased levels of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid and picolinic acid (also one of the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway) were found [69,145,212,213]. One of the reasons for the decreased level of tryptophan in COVID-19 (+) patients may also be its decreased absorption in the gut.…”
Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In a metabolomic study of COVID-19 (+) patients, tryptophan metabolism was the major disorder detected [69]. In patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, decreased levels of tryptophan and serotonin as well as increased levels of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid and picolinic acid (also one of the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway) were found [69,145,212,213]. One of the reasons for the decreased level of tryptophan in COVID-19 (+) patients may also be its decreased absorption in the gut.…”
Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SARS-CoV-2 causes the internalization and downregulation of ACE2, which is highly expressed in the intestines [214], and which is needed for the expression of the neutral amino acid transporter in the intestinal lumen-B0AT1 [215]. Activation of the kynurenine pathway can be indirectly assessed by the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, which was significantly higher in COVID-19 (+) patients than in healthy controls and correlated positively with disease severity [69,212,213].…”
Section: Kynurenine Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Metabolic profiling of serum samples from COVID-19 patients revealed alterations of cholesterol and tryptophan metabolic pathways (11,12). Interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) encoding catabolic enzymes such as IDO1, CH25H, SAT1, and SAMHD1 deplete the metabolic building blocks such as essential amino acid, lipid, polyamine, and nucleotide pools to restrict viral replication and multiplication (32).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multilevel proteomics revealed the function of SARS-CoV-2 encoded viral proteins and their interactions with the host genome and global alteration of signaling pathways such as Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and autophagy in A549 human lung cells reconstituted with viral entry receptor ACE2 (10). Furthermore, metabolic studies revealed high levels of tryptophan catabolic product kynurenine in the serum of COVID-19 patients (11,12). Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for cell survival and the intracellular enzyme that breaks down tryptophan to kynurenine is known as Indoleamine-3,5-dioxygenase or IDO1 (13).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon gamma-(IFN-), promote the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism 28 . Recent studies in humans hospitalized with COVID-19 suggest that the Kyn:Trp ratio positively correlates with disease severity 29 . We measured the Kyn:Trp ratio in plasma at baseline, and days 6, 14 and 21 (Figure 3C, S3A,B).…”
Section: Kynurenine Tryptophan Pathwaymentioning
confidence: 99%