Maximizing the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin conversion by coupling methane activation

Wang, Aiguo; Song, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.026

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…There have been numerous efforts to upgrade the yields from biomass to value-added chemicals such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and produce hydrogen-rich syngas. , In situ tar cracking, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), and rearrangement to form ketonic intermediates leading to alkanes are typical reaction steps necessary for conversion of biomass to valuable chemicals. ,, Transition metals on catalytic surfaces like zeolite (HZSM-5), SiO 2 , and γ-Al 2 O 3 have been studied to initiate biomass-upgrading reactions like dehydration, rearrangement, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, and hydrodeoxygenation. ,, However, the complexity of reaction chemistry, the requirement of high-pressure hydrogen, and the rapid catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition and poisoning increases the cost of the process, rendering it economically nonviable. Methane-promoted catalytic biomass gasification can achieve in situ tar reformation and cracking, thus producing high syngas yields with an enhanced H 2 /CO ratio, suitable for chemical synthesis via a conventional Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fe and FeO x active sites are directly responsible for high-temperature WGS (HT-WGS) and SMR reactions. ,− Although there is little evidence that acid sites on ZSM-5 directly facilitate WGS and SMR reactions, the acidity of the ZSM-5 support affects the conversion of CO (in WGS) and CH 4 (in SMR). Meanwhile, Bronsted sites and some Lewis acidic sites on ZSM-5 are known to be effective in conversion of highly oxygenated lignin to value-added chemicals like BTEX. ,,, This study investigated the possible synergy between co-gasification of hardwood biomass and methane. Iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo) were used as promoters on ZSM-5 zeolite as they are inexpensive and provide active sites for C–H bond activation and converting lignin oxygen, thus minimizing tar formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane-Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification

Lalsare

Wang

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The abundance of natural gas and biomass in the U.S. was the motivation to investigate the effect of adding methane to catalytic nonoxidative high-temperature biomass gasification. The catalyst used in this study was Fe− Mo/ZSM-5. Methane concentration was varied from 5 to 15 vol %, and the reaction was performed at 850 and 950 °C. While biomass gasification without methane on the same catalysts produced ∼60 mol % methane in the total gas yield, methane addition had a strong effect on the biomass gasification, with more than 80 mol % hydrogen in the product gas. This indicates that the reverse steam methane reformation (SMR) reaction is favored in the absence of additional methane in the gas feed as the formation of H 2 and CO shifts the equilibrium to the left. Results showed that 5 mol % additional methane in the feed gas allowed for SMR due to formation of steam adsorbates from oxygen in the functional groups of aromatic lignin being liberated on the oxophilic transition metals like Mo and Fe. This oxygen was then available for the SMR reaction with methane to form H 2 , CO, and CO 2 . This study was not a detailed catalytic activity evaluation, but it was exploratory research to ascertain the synergy presented in the co-gasification of biomass and natural gas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane-Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification

Lalsare

Wang

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Wang et al [32] studied the reaction between cellulose and methane with a series of Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts and suggested that the addition of methane could mitigate coke formation and improve oxygen removal efficiency, producing more liquid products with high quality. Wang et al [33] explored the co-conversion of methane and lignin with a serious of zeolite supports including HZSM-5, Hbeta, and HY. They found that ZSM-5 performed best among zeolites and ZnGa/ZSM-5 catalysts resulted in favorable lignin conversion, aromatic yield, and BTEX selectivity.…”

Section: Catalysts For Biomass Valorization Under Methane Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, isotope-labelling experiments proved the participation of methane, which favorably occurred at benzylic site or meta position of the benzene ring. Wang et al [33] also found that a moderate acidity of support was advantageous for lignin conversion under methane In 2019, Lalsare et al [35] claimed that oxophilic metals such as Fe and Mo facilitated the conversion of oxygen in lignin-containing biomass together with methane to form CO and hydrogen. Furthermore, they suggested that the acid sites and metal species in FeMo/ZSM-5 favored water-gas shift and steam methane reformation reaction to produce high H 2 /CO value in gas product.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Valorization Under Methane Environment

Song¹,

Jarvis²,

Meng³

et al. 2021

Methane Activation and Utilization in the Petrochemical and Biofuel Industries

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Biomass Valorization Under Methane Environment IntroductionEnergy consumption continues to increase, while the use of unrenewable energy resources such as fossil fuels brings a myriad of problems such as energy crises, environment pollution, greenhouse gas accumulation, deglaciation, and ecosystem destruction [1]. Therefore, developing renewable energy resources is of great urgency. Biomass refers to faunal and floral materials used for energy generation or the production of a range of chemicals, which can be regarded as a renewable substituent of conventional resources. Biomass also covers a variety of agricultural and domestic waste materials such as wheat straw, corn cobs, manure, and household garbage [2]. Therefore, the utilization of biomass not only compensates the shortage of energy supply but also converts various intractable wastes into valuable products, namely, turning "trash" into "treasure" [3]. As a result, corresponding studies are critical for environment protection and sustainable development.Current biomass utilization techniques include biological conversion, gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and hydrodeoxygenation [4]. Corresponding research of these pathways provides solutions for using biomass effectively, while several intrinsic drawbacks are still hard to overcome. Biological processes (Fig. 7.1) are often operated at mild conditions, and the selectivity towards valuable products is often favorable. However, the product yield and efficiency are still undesirable, leading to high operational cost and low profitability of the whole process [5]. Gasification (Fig. 7.2) is less costly and can handle biomass with high water content, but the operation temperature is relatively high, and the product distribution is hard to control, resulting in extra energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [6]. Liquefaction (Fig. 7.3) occurs at much milder temperatures and produces more liquid products, while a solvent is usually needed, and the intricacy and high cost limit its practical applications [7]. Pyrolysis (Fig. 7.4) also adopts relatively mild reaction temperatures and pressures. In this process, gas, liquid, and solid

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“…Therefore, how to weaken the C-O bond becomes the focus of research, which is generally realized by adding electron-withdrawing group or saturating the aromatic ring, so that the C-O bond dissociation energy can be decreased. In the case of lignin conversion under methane environment, it is reported that the presence of methane leads to several advantages including higher lignin conversion, better yield of aromatics, and higher selectivity towards BTEX species [38]. The employed catalyst mainly contains zeolite structure impregnated by zincsilver active metals.…”

Section: Catalytic Conversion Of Phenolics and Lignin Under Methane Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism Studies on Biofuel Conversion Under Methane Environment

Song

Jarvis

Meng

et al. 2021

Methane Activation and Utilization in the Petrochemical and Biofuel Industries

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Biofuel is a generic terminology referring to the fuels derived from biomass, such as plant, algae, or biowaste. In contrast to traditional fossil fuels which are generated through long-term geological processes (which might take centuries), biofuel is regarded as a renewable energy resource since the feedstock can be regenerated easily in a limited period of time. However, like other natural resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, the composition of biofuels is also complicated and generally varies from each other according to different sources. The complexity of biofuel constituents causes challenges and difficulties for better understanding of the reaction mechanism, since the evolved chemical reactions are of huge numbers and most of which are highly convoluted. Therefore, it is necessary to select several typical model compounds which could roughly represent the main components of biofuel, so that better understanding of the reaction pathways and overall control of the reaction processes can be realized. For example, an estimation of several crucial properties of the product oil including the gas/liquid/coke yield, the aromatic content, the oxygen content, the total acidic number, the viscosity, the density, the average molecular weight, and the yields of typical distillates can be achieved and used as a reference to control the upgrading process of real biofuel feedstocks. This chapter mainly focuses on the studies regarding mechanisms of biofuel conversion under methane environment, which is mainly embodied by the evolution of model compounds.In spite of the complexity and diversity, the main components in biofuel and related products can be roughly classified into five groups, including (1) carboxylic acids such as formic, acetic, and propionic acids, which contain at least one carboxyl group (-COOH); (2) alcohols and phenols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and methyl phenol, which contain at least one hydroxyl group (-OH); (3) esters such as methyl formate, ethyl acetate, and butyrolactone, which contain at least one ester group (-COO-); (4) aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ethanedial,

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Maximizing the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin conversion by coupling methane activation

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane-Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification

Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Production through Synergistic Methane-Activated Catalytic Biomass Gasification

Biomass Valorization Under Methane Environment

Mechanism Studies on Biofuel Conversion Under Methane Environment

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