“…For the last 20 years a number of research efforts in materials science related fields have been focused on wider development, implementation, commercialization and improvement of new material forming methods known as Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) schemes (Boulahia et al, 2009;Haghighi et al, 2012;Han et al, 2008;Laptev et al, 2014;Minakowski, 2014;Nagasekhar et al, 2006;Nejadseyfi et al, 2015;Perig et al, 2013aPerig et al, , b, 2015Perig and Laptev, 2014;Perig, 2014;Rejaeian and Aghaie-Khafri, 2014). The classical SPD processing method is Segal's Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) or Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) material forming technique (Segal, 2004).…”