Emerging sexually transmitted viral infections: 2. Review of Zika virus disease

Abstract

A sudden increase in the number of newborn infants with microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 brought Zika virus (ZIKV), a less-known infection, to public attention. The rapid increase in the number of cases across the Americas and the devastating complications of infection with ZIKV highlighted the gravity of the situation. Within a relatively short period of time, our knowledge of this infection has significantly increased. This includes the realisation that ZIKV can be sexually transmitted. The aim of the present article is to provide a concise summary on this novel sexually transmitted infection linked to human birth defects and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. According to World Health Organization, individuals living outside areas of ZIKV mosquito transmission where one or both partners have been exposed to ZIKV should abstain from sex or have sex with condoms for at least six months after the last day of possible exposure.

The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly

“…This led to the identification of ZIKV as a teratogenic agent (Baud et al, 2017; Schaub et al, 2017b). Additionally, ZIKV has been shown to be transmitted sexually (Matusali et al, 2018; Sakkas et al, 2018) and more likely transmitted from men to women than the converse (Counotte et al, 2018), with an increased risk of male infertility (Caswell and Manavi, 2018). Furthermore, ZIKV infection of adults has been causally linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (Cao-Lormeau et al, 2016).…”

Analysis of orocraniofacial changes in children with congenital zika syndrome: a case series

“…O vírus Zika é um arbovírus que foi relatado pela primeira vez em macacos da Floresta Zika em Uganda em 1947. É transmitido, principalmente, pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, também transmissores de dengue, chikungunya e febre amarela (Caswell & Manavi, 2018). Em 1952, apesar do vírus ter sido isolado em humanos em Uganda e na Tanzânia, até 2007 os casos raramente eram descritos nesse grupo, portanto, não era considerado um problema de saúde pública.…”

“…Apesar do conhecimento acerca da existência do vírus ser antigo, década de 90, (Caswell & Manavi, 2018), a literatura ainda é escassa sobre as consequências que este pode acarretar no desenvolvimento orocraniofacial das crianças, impactando de forma direta na vida do paciente e da mãe. Visando ampliar o conhecimento e, assim, possibilitar uma melhor abordagem terapêutica no tratamento e acompanhamento desses pacientes, o objetivo desse estudo foi relatar as alterações orocraniofaciais em crianças com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika.…”