Antibacterial Activity of Emulsified Pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Peel Oil and Water-Soluble Chitosan on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

This study utilized pomelo steam distillation to isolate pomelo peel essential oil. The constituents were then analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil emulsions at different homogenizer speed conditions and concentrations of water-soluble chitosan (degree of acetylation, DA = 54.8%) against S. aureus and E. coli was examined. Analysis of the essential oil composition identified a total of 33 compounds with the main constituent, limonene accounting for 87.5% (940.07 mg/g) of the total. The pomelo peel oil was emulsified through homogenization at 24,000 rpm, resulting in a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli that was 1.9 times lower than that of the essential oil without homogenization. In addition, a mixture of 0.4% essential oil emulsion and 0.03% water-soluble chitosan had the strongest synergetic antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli at pH 7.4. In comparison with chitosan alone, the MIC value of this mixture was significantly 2.4 and 2.5 times lower. Hence, this study suggests using a mixture of emulsified pomelo peel oil and water-soluble chitosan to develop a novel natural food preservative, and that the processability of food, as well as the economic value of the byproducts of the Taiwan Matou pomelo and chitosan, could be increased.

Pomelo peel oil alleviates cerebral NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation rat model

“…The proportions of limonene and other components detected in the present study differ from those in other studies ( 19 , 28 ); this may be due to different extraction methods, growth environments, isolation conditions and provenance. However, consistent with other studies ( 19 , 29 ), limonene was the main component of the PPO extracted via distillation in the present study. PPO has been reported to contain 94.15% terpenes ( 19 ), with structures that include phenolic hydroxyl groups and unsaturated double bonds, thereby providing electrons that are able to reduce free radicals to form less active substances and chelate metal ions to prevent the generation of free radicals ( 30 ).…”

Pomelo peel oil suppresses TNF-α-induced necroptosis and cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in a rat model of cardiac arrest

“…Due to different plant origin, growth environment and methods of obtaining oil, the proportion of compounds in our sample was different from that reported in the literature (Chen et al. 2018 ; He et al. 2019 ).…”

“…Matou Wentan ] was analysed, and the main components were also identified as limonene (87.5%), myrcene (3.1%) and β-pinene (2.7%) (Chen et al. 2018 ). These molecules have antioxidant, anti-metabolic disorder and antiapoptotic properties (Chen et al.…”

“…These molecules have antioxidant, anti-metabolic disorder and antiapoptotic properties (Chen et al. 2018 ; He et al. 2019 ).…”

The Antioxidant Polysaccharide from Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino Adjusts the Immune Response of Mice Infected by Bacteria

“…According to the documentation in ancient China, the powers or aqueous extractions of S. Makino have been widely used in the treatment of furuncle swelling, tonsillitis, and mammary abscess which are often associated with S. aureus and E. coli in clinical infection according to modern medical theory [5,6]. Plant polysaccharides are soluble in water and have a relatively high content in water extraction, and the multiple biological functions of polysaccharides from nature plants were well recorded in recent literatures, such as antibacterial [7], antioxidant [8], antitumor [9], and immune activities [10]. However, few reports covered the basic structure, antioxidant, and biological activities of polysaccharides of S. Makino.…”