The Regulation of Seventeen Inflammatory Mediators are Associated with Patient Outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

Abstract

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) as an emerging infection disease results in high morbidity and mortality in China. In this study, the circulating levels of 36 inflammatory mediators in 33 SFTS patients on days 3-7, 8-12 and 13-20 post-illness were measured by a multiplex Luminex ® system dynamically. Among the patients, 15 severe patients recovered, 11 severe patients died within three weeks. We found IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, eotaxin, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and fractalkine were significantly upregulated in SFTS patients. Elevated IL-15 and eotaxin in SFTS patients were reported firstly. The highest levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines coexisted in fatal patients during the first week. Inflammatory mediators remained high levels when death occurred in fatal patients, they were recovered within three weeks in nonfatal patients. Our results showed the occurrence of inflammatory storm in SFTS patients were associated with the severity of SFTS. RANTES and PDGF were down regulated and remained significantly lower levels in fatal patients throughout the course of disease, the concentrations of RANTES and PDGF were remarkably positively correlated with the platelet count. Our results demonstrated that dysregulated inflammatory response was associated with disease pathogenesis and mortality in SFTS patients.

Platelets fuel the inflammasome activation of innate immune cells

“…Our work highlights the previously underappreciated function of platelets in modulating immunity, adding to the growing evidence that platelet parameters, such as counts and activation, are causes of variation in the concentrations of circulating cytokines (Hu et al, 2018; Schirmer et al, 2018; Tunjungputri et al, 2018). Although best known for their role in thrombosis, platelets secrete a host of proteins (Coppinger, 2004; Maynard et al, 2007), and can modulate the function of leukocytes by forming heterotypic aggregates (Kral et al, 2016).…”

Phenotypic Changes on Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Specific CD4 T Cells as Surrogate Markers for Tuberculosis Treatment Efficacy

“…We and others have previously shown that by using whole blood this assay can be simplified substantially ( 2 , 42 ). Other methods assessing the MTB-specific cytokine secretion upon whole blood stimulations may also allow specific diagnoses of active TB ( 43 ), whereas monitoring the TB treatment response using the latter approach so far appears less promising ( 44 ). The measurement of soluble biomarkers in the blood without prior stimulation also may hold valuable information on TB disease and treatment status ( 45 ).…”

Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Features of Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection

“…In uencing factors of poor prognosis were mainly associated with viral load, cytokine function and T cell number [17]. Hu reported that the imbalance of in ammatory response in SFTSV infection was related to the mortality rate [18]. Some studies have shown that age, GOT levels, central nervous system involvement and bleeding tendency could affect the prognosis of the patients with SFTSV infection [19,20].…”