28/38 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS and Stub-Slot Configurations and Its 2×2 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Communication

Hakim, Mohammad Lutful; Uddin, Md. Jashim; Hoque, Jiabul

doi:10.1109/tensymp50017.2020.9230601

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, as these advanced technologies are implemented, there is growing concern about the potential effects on health and safety from exposure to radiofrequency (RF-EMF) emitted by 5G base stations [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. People are concerned about EMF exposure because EMF exposure cannot be prevented or managed [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF-EMF Exposure Measurement for 5G Over Mm-Wave Base Station With MIMO Antenna

et al. 2022

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The fifth-generation (5G) technology offers more capacity and data rates than the previous generations. It provides ultra-low latency and ultra-high dependability, allowing for efficient services in many industries. Using radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) above 6 GHz in 5G millimeter Wave(mm-Wave) base stations has concerned many people due to the potential health risks caused by EMF exposure. This study aims to measure the maximum exposure emitted by a 5G mm-Wave base station by utilizing international standards in both its assessment methodology and exposure limits. In this study, the R&S®TSMA6 scanner, R&S®ROMES4 software, and R&S®TSME30DC down converter have been used for the measurement campaign; in addition to the user equipment device (UE), GPS, and an omnidirectional antenna. The investigation is based on a code selective method due to the radiated power fluctuations over time with data traffic. To conduct the measurement, six tests are taken based on three different time frames, antenna directions, and user equipment device (UE) to investigate the RF-EMF exposure. The maximum and average exposure from the 5G mm-Wave base station are calculated and compared with the ICNIRP standard. The maximum exposure from the 29.5 GHz base station is found to be 5.71 V/m, and the highest amount of average exposure is 2.02V/m. In this study, it was found that the maximum and average exposure (RF-EMF) produced from a single 5G mm-Wave base station are well within the allowed RF-EMF standard limit.INDEX TERMS 5G mm-Wave BS, massive MIMO, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF-EMF Exposure Measurement for 5G Over Mm-Wave Base Station With MIMO Antenna

et al. 2022

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“…Various antennas operating in the millimeter band have been described in the literature. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In Reference 4, a dual-band four ports multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna has been implemented on a Rogers (5880, 2.2) substrate that offers a peak gain of 7.6 and 8.12 dB at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively. In Reference 5, a four-element array antenna offers a bandwidth of 1.14 GHz and peak gain of 14 dB with a physical dimension of 18.67 Â 18.26 Â 0.35 mm 3 array antenna printed on an artificial magnetic conductor (ACM) substrate for the 5G mm-wave applications is developed with an overall dimension of 80.8 Â 80.8 Â 2.4 mm 3 and it provides an impedance bandwidth of 1.64 GHz (27.85-29.49 GHz) with a peak gain value of 11.62 dB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several works have been carried out by public research laboratories and manufacturers to obtain antenna structures that can present a significant gain with high bandwidth to support a high data rate. Various antennas operating in the millimeter band have been described in the literature 4–17 . In Reference 4, a dual‐band four ports multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna has been implemented on a Rogers (5880, 2.2) substrate that offers a peak gain of 7.6 and 8.12 dB at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Reference 16, a MIMO Antenna for 28/38 GHz 5G mobile applications is realized on a Rogers (5880, 2.2) substrate of dimensions of 55 × 110 × 0.508 mm 3 and offers a peak gain of 7.95 and 8.27 at the lower and upper bands, respectively. In Reference 17, Hakim et al proposed a 28/38 GHz dual‐band 2 × 2 MIMO antenna with a peak gain of 8.31 and 6.38 dB at 28 and 38.5 GHz, respectively for 5G applications. The works carried out in the above‐cited references help to get a clear view of the design requirements of printed antennas for millimeter‐wave applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dual wideband high gain 2 × 2 multiple‐input‐multiple‐output monopole antenna with an end‐launch connector model for 5G millimeter‐wave mobile applications

Aghoutane

Ghzaoui

Das³

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article presents the design, analysis, and realization of a new printed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with a very high gain and wide bandwidth for the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) 28/38 GHz fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four identical patch elements in a 2 × 2 configuration to achieve high gain with wide operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna holds an attractive compact size of 31.891 × 37.528 mm2. The proposed MIMO configuration is designed on a 0.508 mm thick Rogers‐5870 substrate material with a loss tangent of 0.0009 and a relative dielectric constant of 2.33. An effective technique for folding the feed line and applying a new protruding ground is introduced to obtain good mutual coupling. The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna is tested to verify the simulation results for the validation of the suggested design approach. The suggested MIMO antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.6 GHz (27.4–30.0 GHz) and 3.3 GHz (36.7–40.0 GHz) to cover the intended frequency range for 5G applications with isolation less than −22 band peak gains of 18 and 14.5 dBi at 27.5 and 38.8 GHz, respectively. To validate the MIMO performance of the proposed antenna several MIMO diversity parameters such as mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG) are evaluated. Determined results indicate ECC < 0.001, DG > 9.995, and an average MEG of −3 dB at the operating bands. The proposed antenna exhibits good agreement between the simulated and measured results, which confirm its suitability for forthcoming mm‐wave 5G MIMO systems and services.

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“…Therefore, numerous entities incorporating research scholars, public and private sector entities are involving with IoT related research in order to generate state of the art applications of it to grab billions (Ahmed, Mortuza, Uddin, Kabir, & Hoque, 2018). As people are using IoT applications such as home automation, biomedical devices, automatic greenhouse for agriculture or smart farming etc., security as well as loss of information is a growing matter of concern right now (Hakim, Uddin, & Hoque, 2020). Researchers around the world are working on how to make this essential IoT mechanism safe and secure as majority of the IoT applications require real time and secure communication for instance medical applications (Hoque, Ahmed, & Hannan, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real time secure messaging service for internet of things applications using MQTT

et al. 2021

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Most of the IoT applications require real time and secure exchange of information among connected devices and hence, currently, security of communication protocols is becoming key topic of research. MQTT, a lightweight communication protocol, is used for real time communication between networks. Authors have reviewed numerous published researches on secure MQTT protocol for IoT networks and have discovered security loop holes of MQTT communication protocol that are needed to be addressed. This article proposes a secure and real time MQTT protocol by incorporating SSL certificate to MQTT broker for IoT applications without data loss. The research has been implemented in Raspberry Pi 3B system using Python 3.4.10 development platform along with Numpy 1.11.1 and scipy 0.18.0 (for mathematical analysis), paho-mqtt 1.5.0 (for MQTT publication/subscription), and Chromium (for displaying research outcome). The outcome of this research shows that the proposed MQTT protocol has tighten security during exchanging information over IoT networks without any loss of data. IIUC Studies Vol.17, December 2020: 27-42

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28/38 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with DGS and Stub-Slot Configurations and Its 2×2 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Communication

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

RF-EMF Exposure Measurement for 5G Over Mm-Wave Base Station With MIMO Antenna

RF-EMF Exposure Measurement for 5G Over Mm-Wave Base Station With MIMO Antenna

A dual wideband high gain 2 × 2 multiple‐input‐multiple‐output monopole antenna with an end‐launch connector model for 5G millimeter‐wave mobile applications

Real time secure messaging service for internet of things applications using MQTT

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