Photoresponsive Formation of an Intermolecular Minimal G‐Quadruplex Motif

Thevarpadam, Julie; Bessi, Irene; Binas, Oliver; Gonçalves, Diana P. N.; Slavov, Chavdar; Jonker, Hendrik R. A.; Richter, Christian; Wachtveitl, Josef; Schwalbe, Harald; Heckel, Alexander

doi:10.1002/anie.201510269

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…[144,145] Realizing that ATP (adenosine triphosphate) [146,147] and VEGF (vascular epithelial growth factor) [148] are over-expressed in cancer cells, functional all-DNA microcapsules responding to these biomarkers were developed (Figure 7A). In this system, the layer-by-layer hybridization of the DNA scaffolds composed of two units of (28) and (29) and two units of (30) and (29) was used to construct the shells. For the ATP-responsive microcapsules, two DNA scaffolds composed of two strands of (25) hybridized with (26) and of two strands of (27) hybridized with (26) were used to construct the DNA shell by the layer-by-layer hybridization process, where the bridging units (26) included the specific anti-ATP aptamer sequence in a "caged" configuration.…”

Section: Aptamer−ligand-triggered Dna Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaCO 3 microparticles impregnated with the respective substrates were coated with the basic, positively charged PAH layer. The interlayer bridging units (29) included the specific anti-VEGF aptamer sequence. Similarly, by coating the PAH-modified CaCO 3 particles, the VEGF-responsive microcapsule shells were constructed.…”

Section: Aptamer−ligand-triggered Dna Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One interesting class of stimuli-responsive DNA-based micro-/nano-carriers includes microcapsules or DNA-based microcapsule-like structures. These [29,30] Copyright 2010, 2016, Wiley-VCH. The present review article addresses recent advances in the synthesis and applications of stimuli-responsive DNA-based microcapsules or microcapsule-like structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods to construct the nano-/micro-capsules involve i) the layer-by-layer deposition of signal-reconfigurable DNA shells on drugloaded microparticles acting as templates, followed by dissolution of the core templates; ii) the assembly of three-dimensional capsules composed of reconfigurable DNA origami units; and iii) the synthesis of stimuli-responsive drug-loaded capsules stabilized by DNA−polymer hydrogels. [27][28][29][30] Photoisomerization of the trans-azobenzene units to the cis-azobenzene configuration, which lacks affinity toward the duplex DNA, results in the release of the photoactive units, in the weakening of the duplex structures, and eventually in their separation. The capsules are loaded with fluorescent polymers, metal nanoparticles, proteins or semiconductor quantum dots as drug models, with anti-cancer drugs, e.g., doxorubicin, or with antibodies inhibiting cellular networks or enzymes over-expressed in cancer cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Applications of Stimuli‐Responsive DNA‐Based Nano‐ and Micro‐Sized Capsules

Liao

Willner

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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Stimuli-responsive, drug-loaded, DNA-based nano-and micro-capsules attract scientific interest as signal-triggered carriers for controlled drug release. The methods to construct the nano-/micro-capsules involve i) the layer-by-layer deposition of signal-reconfigurable DNA shells on drugloaded microparticles acting as templates, followed by dissolution of the core templates; ii) the assembly of three-dimensional capsules composed of reconfigurable DNA origami units; and iii) the synthesis of stimuli-responsive drug-loaded capsules stabilized by DNA−polymer hydrogels. Triggers to unlock the nano-/micro-capsules include enzymes, pH, light, aptamer−ligand complexes, and redox agents. The capsules are loaded with fluorescent polymers, metal nanoparticles, proteins or semiconductor quantum dots as drug models, with anti-cancer drugs, e.g., doxorubicin, or with antibodies inhibiting cellular networks or enzymes over-expressed in cancer cells. The mechanisms for unlocking the nano-/micro-capsules and releasing the drugs are discussed, and the applications of the stimuli-responsive nano-/microcapsules as sense-and-treat systems are addressed. The scientific challenges and future perspectives of nano-capsules and micro-capsules in nanomedicine are highlighted. Drug Delivery groups or duplex DNA or G-quadruplex by photoactive groups may lead to the triggered separation of duplex DNA or G-quadruplex structures ( Figure 1D). For example, disulfide bridges were reported to stabilize DNA duplex structures, while the reduction of the disulfide by thiols led to the separation of the duplex structures. [24][25][26] Also, trans-azobenzene photoisomerizable units linked covalently to duplex nucleic acids or associated with G-quadruplexes via supramolecular interactions, were reported to stabilize these structures, while the cis-azobencene units lack binding affinities (or stabilization effects) to these structures. [27][28][29][30] Photoisomerization of the trans-azobenzene units to the cis-azobenzene configuration, which lacks affinity toward the duplex DNA, results in the release of the photoactive units, in the weakening of the duplex structures, and eventually in their separation. By the cyclic photoisomerization of the photoactive azobenzene units, the double-stranded nucleic acid is then switched between stable and less stable configurations. Alternatively, photodegradable o-nitrobenzyl phosphate ester groups can be incorporated into the duplex DNA structure, and the light-induced separation of the phosphate units may lead to the separation of the duplex DNA. [31] Finally, sequence-specific nucleic acids, known as aptamers, reveal selective recognition properties toward low-molecular-weight substrates (e.g., ATP, cocaine) [32,33] or macromolecular ligands (e.g., thrombin, VEGF). [34,35] The formation of high-affinity complexes between the aptamer and the ligand may then provide a mechanism to separate duplex nucleic acid hybrids [36] (Figure 1E).The structural features of nucleic acids and the possibilities to reconfigure DNA ...

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Section: Aptamer−ligand-triggered Dna Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aptamer−ligand-triggered Dna Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Applications of Stimuli‐Responsive DNA‐Based Nano‐ and Micro‐Sized Capsules

Liao

Willner

2017

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The non-nucleotide spacers has been shown to increase the thermal stability of the structure of duplexes, triplexes or tetraplexes (23–29). They were also implemented in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (30–34) and crystallographic studies (29,35,36) but so far such linkers has not been used to stabilize the native structure of RNA hairpins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of RNA hairpins using non-nucleotide linkers and circularization

Kiliszek

Błaszczyk

Kierzek

et al. 2017

Nucleic Acids Research

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An RNA hairpin is an essential structural element of RNA. Hairpins play crucial roles in gene expression and intermolecular recognition but are also involved in the pathogenesis of some congenital diseases. Structural studies of the hairpin motifs are impeded by their thermodynamic instability, as they tend to unfold to form duplexes, especially at high concentrations required for crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We have elaborated techniques to stabilize the RNA hairpins by linking the free ends of the RNA strand at the base of the hairpin stem. One method involves stilbene diether or hexaethylene glycol linkers and circularization by T4 RNA ligase. Another method uses click chemistry to stitch the RNA ends with a triazole linker. Both techniques are efficient and easy to perform. They should be useful in making stable, biologically relevant RNA constructs for structural studies.

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